Eating Dinner Early Improves 24-h Blood Glucose Levels and Boosts Lipid Metabolism after Breakfast the Next Day: A Randomized Cross-Over Trial

Nakamura, Kaho; Tajiri, Eri; Hatamoto, Yoichi; Ando, Takafumi; Shimoda, Seiya; Yoshimura, Eiichi

doi:10.3390/nu13072424

Cited by 27 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(49 reference statements)

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“…By comparison, the natural progression of fasting glucose in the general non-diabetic population is a rate of 0.04–0.06 mmol/L per 10 years of age [ 25 ]. Our findings on insulin sensitivity are consistent with prior studies that observed that eating earlier in the day was associated with beneficial metabolic outcomes, including insulin sensitivity [ 26 , 27 , 28 ]. In addition, a randomized cross-over study tested the impact of earlier timing of lunch (13:00) to a later lunch time (16:30) over one week and found that the earlier lunchtime was associated with greater glucose tolerance and greater fasting carbohydrate oxidation [ 29 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Associations between Timing and Duration of Eating and Glucose Metabolism: A Nationally Representative Study in the U.S.

et al. 2023

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Diabetes is highly prevalent and is associated with dietary behaviors. Time-restricted eating, which consolidates caloric intake to a shortened eating duration, has demonstrated improvement in metabolic health. Timing of eating could also impact metabolism. Our objective was to examine whether the timing of eating was associated with metabolic health independently of eating duration. Data (n = 7619) are from four cycles (2005–2012) of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), a nationally representative U.S. survey that included surveys, physical examinations, and dietary recalls. The primary exposures are eating duration and eating start time estimated from two non-consecutive dietary recalls. Primary outcomes were fasting glucose and estimated insulin resistance using the homeostatic model assessment method (HOMA-IR). The mean (95% CI) eating duration was 12.0 h (11.9–12.0) and the mean (95% CI) start time was 8:21 (8:15–8:26). Earlier eating start time was significantly associated with lower fasting glucose and estimated insulin resistance but eating interval duration was not. Every hour later that eating commenced was associated with approximately 0.6% higher glucose level and 3% higher HOMA-IR (both p < 0.001). In this cross-sectional study, earlier eating start time was associated with more favorable metabolic measures, indicating that meal timing is another important characteristic of dietary patterns that may influence metabolism.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Associations between Timing and Duration of Eating and Glucose Metabolism: A Nationally Representative Study in the U.S.

et al. 2023

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“…[39] Garaulet et al [40] also demonstrated in overweight/obese adults consuming a Mediterranean diet-whereby lunch constituted the highest daily energy distribution, that volunteers consuming an earlier lunch (before 3 pm) lost significantly more weight than those with a later lunch (after 3 pm). Another recent study by Nakamura et al [41] reported that eating dinner 3 h earlier (at 6 pm versus 9 pm) significantly improved 24-h glycemic response and increased lipid oxidation after the next breakfast, in healthy adults. However, a recent study questioned the effectiveness of early and late scheduling of meals as per the larger body of evidence.…”

Section: Energy Intake Distribution Throughout the Daymentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Another recent study by Nakamura et al. [ 41 ] reported that eating dinner 3 h earlier (at 6 pm versus 9 pm) significantly improved 24‐h glycemic response and increased lipid oxidation after the next breakfast, in healthy adults. However, a recent study questioned the effectiveness of early and late scheduling of meals as per the larger body of evidence.…”

Section: Dietary Components Intake Timing and Their Interaction With ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Is There a Utility of Chrono‐Specific Diets in Improving Cardiometabolic Health?

Yong

Henry

Haldar

2022

Molecular Nutrition Food Res

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Modern lifestyle is generally associated with the consumption of three main meals per day, one of which is typically in the evening or at night. It is also well established that consumption of meals in the later part of the day, notably in the evenings, is associated with circadian desynchrony, which in turn increases the risk of non-communicable diseases, particularly cardiometabolic diseases. While it is not feasible to avoid food consumption during the evenings altogether, there is an opportunity to provide chrono-specific, diet-based solutions to mitigate some of these risks. To date, there has been substantial progress in the understanding of chrononutrition, with evidence derived mainly from in vitro and in vivo animal studies. Some of these approaches include the manipulation of the quality and quantity of certain nutrients to be consumed at specific times of the day, as well as incorporating certain dietary components (macronutrients, micronutrients, or non-nutrient bioactives, including polyphenols) with the ability to modulate circadian rhythmicity. However, robust human studies are generally lacking. In this review, the study has consolidated and critically appraised the current evidence base, with an aim to translate these findings to improve cardiometabolic health and provides recommendations to move this field forward.

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“…We identified eight studies in which energy expenditure was measured in response to acute TRE [ 84 , 85 , 86 , 87 , 88 , 89 , 90 , 91 ]. TRE can be categorized based on when the eating window occurs, that is early TRE (eating earlier in the day), midday TRE (eating in the middle of the day) and late TRE (eating later in the day).…”

Section: Effects Of If On Energy Metabolism: Energy Expenditure and S...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A total of seven studies reported substrate oxidation in response to acute TRE [ 84 , 85 , 86 , 87 , 88 , 89 , 90 ], providing mixed findings. In general, TRE, regardless of the time of the eating window, does not appear to acutely affect 24 h substrate oxidation [ 84 , 85 , 86 , 87 , 88 , 93 ].…”

Section: Effects Of If On Energy Metabolism: Energy Expenditure and S...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Intermittent Fasting on Cardiometabolic Health: An Energy Metabolism Perspective

2022

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This review summarizes the effects of different types of intermittent fasting (IF) on human cardiometabolic health, with a focus on energy metabolism. First, we discuss the coordinated metabolic adaptations (energy expenditure, hormonal changes and macronutrient oxidation) occurring during a 72 h fast. We then discuss studies investigating the effects of IF on cardiometabolic health, energy expenditure and substrate oxidation. Finally, we discuss how IF may be optimized by combining it with exercise. In general, IF regimens improve body composition, ectopic fat, and classic cardiometabolic risk factors, as compared to unrestricted eating, especially in metabolically unhealthy participants. However, it is still unclear whether IF provides additional cardiometabolic benefits as compared to continuous daily caloric restriction (CR). Most studies found no additional benefits, yet some preliminary data suggest that IF regimens may provide cardiometabolic benefits in the absence of weight loss. Finally, although IF and continuous daily CR appear to induce similar changes in energy expenditure, IF regimens may differentially affect substrate oxidation, increasing protein and fat oxidation. Future tightly controlled studies are needed to unravel the underlying mechanisms of IF and its role in cardiometabolic health and energy metabolism.

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Eating Dinner Early Improves 24-h Blood Glucose Levels and Boosts Lipid Metabolism after Breakfast the Next Day: A Randomized Cross-Over Trial

Cited by 27 publications

References 34 publications

Associations between Timing and Duration of Eating and Glucose Metabolism: A Nationally Representative Study in the U.S.

Associations between Timing and Duration of Eating and Glucose Metabolism: A Nationally Representative Study in the U.S.

Is There a Utility of Chrono‐Specific Diets in Improving Cardiometabolic Health?

Effects of Intermittent Fasting on Cardiometabolic Health: An Energy Metabolism Perspective

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