Many studies were investigated to grade outdoor thermal comfort and related thermal sensation during the past years. This study aims to explore thermal comfort conditions and thermal sensation in the hot Mediterranean climate (Csa), which annually includes 1100-1700 cooling degree days and 1200-1800 heating degree days (CDD=1100-1700, HDD=1200-1800). This research tested the human thermal sensation by applying the Physiological Equivalent Temperature (PET) index.A field survey of 1230 interviewees was conducted in Annaba, Algeria, in four outdoor environments having the same morphology and different green cover. The scientific method involved combining two software. Envi-met was used to calibrate microclimatic data (air temperature, wind velocity, relative humidity and mean radiant temperature); in comparison, RayMan used to calculate PET. The results showed the neutral sensation range for this Mediterranean climate varies between 20 °C and 26°C. The highest scores of neutral thermal sensation were recorded in spaces with vegetation cover, which involves the trees cooling effect in enhancing thermal comfort, especially during the hot hours of the day. The air temperature divergence reached 4°C and 3°C for T mrt at noon, considered the day's hottest hour. The findings also highlight the existence of a thermal adaptation in outdoor spaces having a green cover.
In recent years, walkability is increasingly integrated into sustainability strategies, considering its many health and environmental benefits. Besides, thermal comfort also has been progressively promoted as a critical measure for pedestrian comfort and wellbeing. Despite the relevance of the two concepts, few studies combined them in a comprehensive model. This study considers thermal comfort in assessing walkability by developing a new measurement tool, the Street Walkability and Thermal Comfort index (SWTCI), which focuses on comfort facilities and Physiological Equivalent Temperature (PET), at the street scale. The applied point system method requires combining a questionnaire survey, observations, and in situ measurements (air temperature, wind velocity, and relative humidity). The questionnaire survey (330 responders) measured 21 street design indicators' importance, using a five-point Liker scale ranging from 1 (least important) to 5 (very important). The observation technique seeks to evaluate every pedestrian comfort indicator score (Si s ). The in situ measurements permit Envi-met's calibrated data validation and getting the mean radian temperature (T mrt ). Those were considered in the PET's calculation using Rayman software. Three distinct streets have been chosen in Annaba city, Algeria, within the Mediterranean climate (Csa). The results show that the SWTCI achieves its highest score on the three streets when the thermal perception is neutral (20
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