Adsorption and interactions of Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) with Double Walled Carbon Nanotubes (DWNT) prepared by catalytic chemical vapor deposition (CCVD) synthesis were studied. Adsorption kinetics and equilibrium were investigated by means of in situ UV-spectroscopy. The extent of adsorption at different temperatures was determined at the end of a 420-min adsorption period. The adsorption equilibrium experiments were performed using various amounts of nanotubes at pH 4 and 40°C, and the adsorption parameters were evaluated comparing the experimental data with models such as the Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms. The maximum protein adsorption capacity (Q 0) of DWNT was determined as 1221 mg•g −1. The effect of temperature on the adsorption rate experiments was investigated for constant amount of adsorbent at pH 4. Adsorption kinetics followed the pseudo-first-order rate. Zeta potential measurements were performed with respect to solution pH for understanding the protein-surface interactions. The interactions between positively charged BSA molecules with negatively charged DWNT at pH 4 were found to be electrostatic attractions. Thermodynamic parameters, ΔH 0 and ΔS 0 were found as 9.40 kJ•mol −1 and 321.5 J•mol −1 K −1 , respectively. ΔH 0 value indicated that BSA adsorption on DWNT was a physisorption process.
In this study, adsorption properties of arc produced Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWNT) were investigated for Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) in aqueous phase. Solution pH, adsorbent amount and temperature effects were examined on protein adsorption. The results show that, the temperature and the adsorbent amount both increase the BSA adsorption, whereas the solution pH has a decreasing effect. The equilibrium behavior of protein adsorption was examined by Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. The monolayer adsorption capacities at 40 °C for solution pH 4 and 5 were determined as 139.5 and 127.2 mg g−1, respectively, which were much higher than the BSA adsorption capacities of various metal oxides investigated in our previous studies. The adsorption rate data were compared by the pseudo-first and the second-order kinetics equations. Evaluation of the experimental kinetics data have shown that the adsorption of BSA by MWNT followed the pseudo-first-order kinetics. The pseudo-first order adsorption rate constants at pH 4 and 5 decreased with an increase in temperature which results in a decrease in diffusion rate of BSA molecules across the external boundary layer, and favors the sorption process. The adsorption behavior of protein by carbon nanotubes was explained also using the zeta potential measurements. The adsorption capacity decreased with increasing pH due to the electrostatic repulsions. The thermodynamic parameters evaluated to predict the nature of adsorption confirmed the non-spontaneous and endothermic behaviour of the BSA/MWNT adsorption process. Adsorption standard enthalpy values were found as ∆H0=59.5 kJ mol−1 and ∆H0=14.3 kJ mol−1 for pH 4 and 5, respectively indicating that the protein molecules are adsorbed electrostatically on the carbon nanotubes.
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