Due to the positioning in hostile environment, wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are prone to various attacks. Hence, security is one of the most important issues in these networks. Therefore, detecting and preventing several kinds of attacks on WSNs is a popular subject in literature. However, handling these attacks on WSNs requires realistic modeling of these attacks since most of WSNs are application specific. In this paper, two kinds of serious attacks called the sinkhole and the black hole attack are modelled on the LEACH, which is a common clusterbased WSN. Three models are designed for these attacks and the results are evaluated under different performance metrics for different number of nodes. The results show that the black hole attack with a black hole region, which damages the network more than the other attacks, inclines 38% of the packets to be dropped. Index Terms-black hole, LEACH, sinkhole, wireless sensor network
Özetçe-Kablosuz algılayıcı ağ (KAA) teknolojisinde yaşanan büyük değişimler, düşük güç tüketimli ve çok fonksiyonlu küçük algılama aygıtlarının üretilmesini gerekli kılmıştır. Yüksek kalitede algılama ve hatasız çalışma için algılayıcı noktalar arasında önemli ölçüde dayanışma ve işbirliğinin gerçekleştirilmesi gerekmektedir. Bu nedenle KAA'larda yönlendirme önem arz etmektedir. Bu çalışmada KAA'lar için kümeleme tabanlı bir yönlendirme algoritması tasarlanmıştır. OMNeT++ ile simülasyonu yapılan algoritma, literatürde en sık kullanılan protokol olan LEACH ile kıyaslanmıştır. Bu çalışma sonucunda baz istasyonuna ulaşan paket sayısında %31,1'e, yaşayan düğüm oranında ise %20'ye varan bir artış sağlanmıştır. Toplam harcanan enerji miktarında %22,5'e varan bir artış olduğu görülse de baz istasyonuna ulaşan her bir paket için ortalama harcanan enerji göz önüne alındığında %15,1'e varan bir azalma sağlanmıştır.
Anahtar Kelimeler -kablosuz algılayıcı ağlar; yönlendirme; kümeleme; LEACH.Abstract-Major changes in Wireless sensor network (WSN) technology require producing multifunctional small sensing devices, which have low power consumption. On the purpose of high-quality sensing and error-free operation, solidarity and cooperation between sensor nodes are quite significant. Therefore, routing in WSN has become more of an issue. In this paper, a cluster based routing algorithm is designed for WSN. The proposed algorithm is compared with LEACH, which is often used in literature, by simulation method using OMNeT++. The results show that the number of packets that have arrived to the base station has increased by 31,1%, while the number of living nodes has increased by 20%. Even though, the increase in the total amount of energy dissipation is up to 22,5%, when the average energy for each packet that arrives to the base station is taken into consideration, a decrease up to 15,1% is obtained.
The position of the base station (BS) in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) has a significant impact on network lifetime. This paper suggests a mobile BS positioning algorithm for clusterbased WSNs, which considers both the location and the remaining energy level of the cluster heads in the network and evaluate the performance of the algorithm under different values of network sizes, including 100m x 100m, 200m x 200m and 300m x 300m. Simulations are conducted by using OMNeT++ and proposed method is compared with two different static BS positions, including central and external, on HEED protocol. The results show that mobile BS performs better than both central and external BS positions under all network sizes. Besides, the performance difference between the proposed method and the others increases as the size of the network increases, which demonstrates that the proposed mobile BS positioning also provides scalability.
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