Most of today's online services (e.g., social networks, search engines, marketplace places) are centralized, which most users recognize as unsatisfactory for various reasons (e.g., centralized governance, censorship, loss of control over personal data). Blockchain technologies promise a new Web revolution (Web 3.0) through the decentralization of online services. However, one of the fundamental limitations for this revolution to happen at a planetary scale is the poor performance of today's permissionless blockchains. In this paper, we propose ALDER, a generic construction that multiplexes off-the-shelf permissionless blockchain protocols to address the performance bottleneck due to store-validate-forward block dissemination techniques in blockchain protocols. We apply ALDER to two representative blockchains, namely Algorand (Proof-of-Stake) and Bitcoin (Proof-of-Work), to illustrate the benefits it brings to blockchain performance. Our evaluations show that ALDER can drastically improve the throughput of blockchains when bottlenecks exist.
Gossip-based dissemination protocols are important building blocks of large-scale distributed systems as they may impact both the systems' efficiency and fault tolerance. There exist many flavors of gossip dissemination protocols. IDA-Gossip is one of the gossip dissemination protocols proposed in the context of blockchains to efficiently disseminate large messages. It relies on multi-chunk gossip dissemination, erasure coding, and Merkle hash trees. However, despite its claimed efficiency, there is no in-depth analysis of this protocol to understand its behavior under different conditions (e.g., with injected faults). In this work, we evaluate the behavior of IDA-Gossip by relying on extensive experiments and simulations. Specifically, we evaluate IDA-Gossip both in terms of performance and resilience to faults by varying its configuration parameters and the number of faulty nodes, respectively. This study results in several takeaways. First, IDA-Gossip provides excellent dissemination latency compared to classic gossip. Second, it provides excellent coverage even with 40 percent of faulty nodes in the system. Finally, the use of erasure coding provides an important advantage to IDA-Gossip compared to classic multi-chunk gossip dissemination protocols.
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