IntroductionDiabetic patients are susceptible to bacterial, viral and fungal infections because of various deficiencies in the immune system.AimTo investigate a possible link between hepatitis B/C prevalence and microvascular complications as well as duration of diabetes.Material and methodsIn total 1263 diabetic patients (1149 type 2, 114 type 1) were enrolled in the study. The control group consisted of 1482 healthy blood donors who were over 40 years old. All diabetic patients were tested for HBsAg, anti-HBs and anti-HCV beside routine laboratory tests. Diabetic patients were divided into three groups according to their diabetes duration, and all of the patients were scanned for microvascular complications. Demographic data of all patients were recorded.ResultsHBsAg seropositivity was 3.7% in diabetic patients and 1.08% in the control group; this difference was statistically significant (p < 0.001). HBsAg positivity rates in type 1 and type 2 diabetics were 0.8% and 4%, respectively (p = 0.09). HCV seropositivity was 2.2% for diabetics and 0.5% for the control group; this difference was statistically significant (p < 0.001). Anti-HCV seropositivity in type 1 and type 2 diabetics was 1.75% and 2.26%, respectively. There was no relationship between diabetes duration and hepatitis B-C prevalence (p > 0.05). Also, no relationship was found between microvascular complications of diabetes and hepatitis B/C seropositivity.ConclusionsHepatitis B and C seroprevalence was found to be increased in diabetes mellitus; however, there was no relationship between hepatitis seroprevalence and the duration or microvascular complications of diabetes.
Introduction: Adrenal incidentaloma can be described as adrenal lesions that are incidentally diagnosed during abdominal laparotomy or any abdominal screening without prior suspicion of adrenal disease. It is important to diagnose adrenal lesions to learn if they are hormonally active or malignant. The most common clinical sign of pheochromocytoma is sustained or paroxysmal hypertension, and the most common symptoms are headache, excessive truncal sweating, and palpitation. In some cases, the clinical symptoms are not clear. Roughly 70% of adrenal incidentalomas are non-functional. A small group of 5-7% of the functional ones (30%) may exist as pheochromocytoma. Ten percent of pheochromocytoma cases are diagnosed incidentally during computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) screenings for other reasons. The most frequent symptom of the pheochromocytoma is hypertension, and 90-100% of cases exhibit it. The literature indicates that incidental pheochromocytoma cases that are smaller than 1 cm have no clinical symptoms. Rarely, some large pheochromocytoma cases do not show any clinical symptoms, and it is difficult to diagnose very small ones.
The present study was conducted to evaluate the serum selenium levels in first-degree relatives of diabetic patients (FDR) according to controls. Insulin resistance, serum lipid levels, inflammation markers, and blood pressure were also studied in these patients. Serum levels of selenium in FDR were significantly lower than control group (74.65 +/- 5.9 vs 88.7 +/- 8.7 microg/dl, p < 0.0001). HsCRP, HOMA-IR, insulin, homocysteine levels were significantly higher in FDR according to the control group (1.32 +/- 0.9 vs 0.63 +/- 0.4 mg/dL, p < 0.0001; 2.07 +/- 0.84 vs 1.51 +/- 0.69, p < 0.0001; 9.26 +/- 3.8 vs 6.8 +/- 2.98 microU/MI, p < 0.0001; 15.7 +/- 7.4 vs 11.5 +/- 5.1 micromol/L, p < 0.0001, respectively). There was significant correlation between selenium levels and hsCRP (r = - 0.450, p < 0.0001). There was also weak significant correlation also between HOMA-IR and selenium levels (r = -0.227, p = 0.003). There was a correlation between systolic blood pressure and BMI (r = 0.365, p < 0.0001). But there was no correlation between selenium levels and blood pressure or other parameters. HsCRP, HOMA-IR, homocysteine levels in individuals with selenium levels < 80 microg/L (n = 78) was significantly higher than hsCRP HOMA-IR, homocysteine levels in individuals with selenium levels >or= 80 (n = 91; 1.23 +/- 0.98 vs 0.81 +/- 0.76 mg/dL, p < 0.003; 1.99 +/- 0.88 vs 1.64 +/- 0.74, p < 0.005; 15.0 +/- 7.6 vs 12.9 +/- 5.7 micromol/L, p < 0.049, respectively). Selenium deficiency may contribute to cardiovascular disease risk in FDR.
Background Obese non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) was found to increase the risk of developing atrial fibrillation (AF) regardless of the metabolic syndrome subgroups that may accompany it. In this study, the effect of NAFLD on the structural and electrical functions of the heart was investigated using tissue Doppler echocardiography (TDE) in non-obese NAFLD patients without any known risk factors for AF.Material and methods The study included 43 female patients (31.3±3.8 years), who had stage 2–3 hepatosteatosis detected by liver ultrasonography and diagnosed as non-obese NAFLD (patient group), and 31 healthy women (control group, 32.5±3.6 years). In addition to standard echocardiographic parameters, inter- and intra-atrial electromechanical delay (EMD) were evaluated by TDE.Results Interatrial EMD (PA lateral – PA tricuspid) and intraatrial EMD (PA septum – PA tricuspid) were significantly longer in patient group (16.1±3.4 vs. 12.5±2.3 ms, p<0.001, and 8.4±1.6 vs. 6.6±1.6 ms, p<0.001, respectively). At the subclinical level. atrial size, left ventricular diastolic function, and left ventricular wall thickness measurements were greater in the patient group.Conclusion Inter-atrial and intra-atrial EMD were detected in young women with non-obese NAFLD. In addition, at the subclinical level, structural and functional impairment was detected However, large-volume prospective studies are required to cobfirm these findings regarding the development of AF in non-obese NAFLD patients.
Azathioprine (AZA) is an immunosuppressive drug that is widely used in the treatment of autoimmune diseases. Although AZA is used widely, many studies reported that AZA-related hepatotoxicity is rather rare. We aimed to present a case with severe cholestatic hepatitis due to AZA use for Behcet’s disease. Three weeks after starting AZA for the treatment of uveitis, the patient was admitted to our clinic with cholestasis and constitutional symptoms. In liver biopsy, findings were in accordance with drug reaction, and the AZA treatment was stopped. After 2 months, bilirubin levels and liver tests results became normal. As a result, given that AZA may cause severe cholestasis, the drug should be stopped if idiosyncrasy or hypersensitivity develops. If there is a debate in the diagnosis, histopathological evaluation of the liver would be the major issue because of the correct diagnosis of the drug toxicity and excluding other aetiologies.
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