The effectiveness and performance of industrial hydro-processing Ebullated Bed Reactors (EBRs) are highly dependent on the bed hydrodynamics and operating conditions. In present work, hydrodynamics of EBRs was studied in a cold model experimental setup using air–water–solid particles system. Pressure gradient method and Residence Time Distribution (RTD) technique were used to estimate the individual holdups, and dispersion coefficients in the lab-scale ebullated bed column. System Hydraulic Efficiency (HEF) was also estimated. The results showed that liquid internal recycle ratio, which characterized the EBRs, has a predominant effect on the individual holdups and dispersion coefficients. Empirical correlations were developed for prediction of phase holdups, and dispersion coefficients with good accuracy.
Nanoparticles of zinc oxide are prepared by three different chemical methods. The first one includes mixing of zinc nitrate (hexa-H 2 O) with solution of sodium hydroxide (0.4N) at a ratio of (2:1) (sampleN1). In the second method, ammonium bicarbonate solution mixed with zinc sulfate (0.2M) at a ratio of (1:2) (sampleN2). The third method includes mixing of zinc nitrate (hexa-H 2 O) with sodium hydroxide (0.6N) at a ratio of (2:1) (sampleN3), were solution of starch added as fixing agent for nanoparticles. The nanoparticles examined by Xray diffraction technique. in addition to transmission electronic microscope to determine the volume of nanoparticles. Composites are prepared by mixing nanoparticles of zinc oxide with epoxy resin. Mechanical properties measurement showed that the hardness value of the sample (EP+N3) was (103.38) due to Shore is better than the values of the other prepared samples (EP, EP+N2, EP+N1). Also, the composite (EP+N3) showed good compressive strength which was (163.71 MPa). The value of thermal conductivity of the mentioned composite was (6.41W m-1 0 K-1) which indicates good thermal properties. However, the study showed that the Epoxy resin has a good response to form important composites with zinc oxide nanoparticles.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.