Diversified crop rotation (DCR) improves the efficiency of farming systems all over the world. It has the potentiality to improve soil condition and boost system productivity. Improved soil attributes such as increased soil water uptake and storage, and a greater number of beneficial soil organisms, may improve yield tolerance to drought and other hard growing conditions in a variety of crop rotations. Crop rotations with a variety of crops benefit the farmers,reduce production risk and uncertainty, and enhance soil and ecological sustainability. Farmers may be able to diversify their sources of income by adopting diversified crop rotations. Furthermore, because of the distinct structure, function, and relationship of plant community with soil in DCR, it contributes to the long-term development of soil health by decreasing insect, weed, and disease incidence and increasing the physical and chemical structure of the soil. DCR is becoming more popular approach for maintaining sustainable crop production. This review provides the evidence of the significance of DCR, challenges to adapt it, and possible way out to overcome the challenges.

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is an important cereal crop that provides ample nutritious calories for humans and animals. The nutrient plays a vital role in the production of wheat. In this review, previous works were evaluated to investigate the role of nutrients, nutrient deficiency and toxicity in wheat. Both macro and micronutrients are necessary for wheat plants. Every nutrient has its own character and is involved in different metabolic processes of plant life. Nutrient deficiency and toxicity conditions inhibit normal plant growth and exhibit characteristic symptoms. For optimal growth, development, and production, plants need all the necessary nutrients in balance. A balanced application of the primary nutrients (N, P, K), secondary nutrient (S) and some other micronutrients (Zn, B) are needed to enhance wheat production. The soil tests and the demand for crop nutrients should be assessed to identify the quantity of fertilizer recommended for the crop. This study would be a valuable means to wheat growers and researchers for sustainable and higher wheat production.

Nutrients are important for plant growth and development. In this review, previous works were evaluated to investigate the role of nutrients, nutrient deficiency and toxicity in rice. Both macro and micronutrients are necessary for rice plants. Every nutrient has its own character and is involved in different metabolic processes of plant life. Nutrients affect the disease tolerance or resistance of plants to pathogens. Nutrient deficiency and toxicity conditions inhibit normal plant growth and exhibit characteristic symptoms. For optimal growth, development, and production, plants need all the necessary nutrients in balance. Integrated nutrient management in rice has many benefits to increase soil fertility and sustainable crop productivity. The information of this review article would be useful to rice growers and researchers for sustainable and higher rice production.

Nepal is a rich source of Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) in terms of production and trading practices. The altitudinal and climatic variations in various pockets of Nepal have contributed to their diversity. This article attempts to outline the current status of NTFPs and its importance in the Nepalese economy. NTFPs provide rural people with food, medicine, construction materials, and income. About 80% of the rural population depend on the NTFPs for their livelihood and Nepal. NTFPs have commercial, socioeconomic and environmental values in rural communities. More than 700 species of plants are recognized as producing NTFPs and about 150 species of these are commonly used in international trade. The management of NTFPs has been receiving increasing attention from donors, development agencies and user groups who are involved in different aspects of NTFP promotion. Sustainable exploitation, use, and commercialization of NTFPs are important for socio-economic development, poverty reduction, and livelihood enhancement of rural people in Nepal.

Postharvest loss is one of the major problems in tomato production. This study was conducted to assess the post-harvest practices and losses of tomato at the farmers’ fields in three districts namely Kathmandu (Kavresthali), Lalitpur (Lubhoo, and Lamatar), and Bhaktapur (Tathali and Kaushaltar). By using a simple random sampling method, the sample size of 60 respondents was chosen. A pre-tested questionnaire, group conversation, and key-informant survey were applied in this study. The results revealed that 10.3% of the respondents produced the tomato on a small scale whereas 58.8% of respondents produced on large scale. 10% of total losses were found from harvesting to marketing. In the field, during harvesting and packaging, there was a 2% loss. The tomato loss was negligible during grading and washing. 4% loss was found during the transportation of tomato and 2% of the loss during the storage of tomato. To the producer level, the insufficient knowledge about the storage, packaging, transportation, and random harvesting led to the maximum loss of tomato. In the study area, the producers played important role in reducing the postharvest loss of tomato, therefore, public awareness should be increased through mass media about the proper harvesting and storing of tomato.