Diagnostic tools to detect and differentiate Fasciola species have improved, but the understanding of the distribution and population structure of this parasite is location dependent. This study was aimed to phenotypically identify Fasciola species from cattle brought for slaughter at Birnin Kebbi Modern Abattoir. Ante-mortem faecal samples were collected from the sampled cattle for worm egg detection and post-mortem inspection of liver samples were performed. Two methods of Parasitological (Flukefinder Kit and formalin-ether sedimentation) methods were performed on the faecal samples. Results have yielded a high prevalence (31.2%) of fluke eggs with the Flukefinder Kit than with formalin-ether sedimentation technique (8.5%). Prevalence was higher (34%) in the males than in female (26.2%) cattle. Younger cattle (34.3%) were also more infected than their older (30.7%) counterpart. Sokoto Gudali had the highest prevalence of 44.0% followed by Red Bororo with 34.0%, and the least prevalence was observed in Bunaji breed with 18.0%. Statistical analyses results had revealed no significant relation between prevalence of fasciolosis and the co-variables (sex, age) as p > 0.05 but there was a significant association between prevalence and breed of cattle (p = 0.018). There was no significant agreement between the methods of faecal analyses used. Prevalence of 15.8% was observed from the post-mortem examination. This have increased the knowledge about the existence of the parasite in the study area. It is recommended that the Flukefinder® Kit should be used in diagnosis of Fasciola species due to its high sensitivity compared to the conventional sedimentation method.
Current phenotypic techniques fail to reflect the full extent of the diversity of Fasciola species. Methods of diagnosis and differentiation of Fasciola species have been developed, but the understanding of the distribution and speciation of this parasite is location dependent. Therefore, it is important to characterize the Fasciola species from different geographical locations. This research was conducted to genetically characterize bovine Fasciola species from cattle brought for slaughter at Birnin Kebbi Modern Abattoir. Faecal samples were collected from the cattle before slaughter and were microscopically examined using two methods of Parasitological examinations (Flukefinder® Kit and formalin-ether sedimentation). Positive faecal samples were subjected to molecular detection method of PCR and sequencing of the products. The obtained sequence was subjected to BLAST and phylogenetic analysis was conducted to determine the Fasciola species prevalent in the area. The PCR results have detected Fasciola spp while the phylogenetic analysis have confirmed the species of liver fluke to be Fasciola gigantica. This have intensified the understanding of the existence of the parasite in the study area and have also provided the genetic diversity of F. gigantica. There is need for further research to compare Fasciola isolates from other livestock in order to determine the exact species infecting animals in the study area.
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