Aluminum toxicity, nutrient imbalance, and reduced microbial activity are the most limiting factors for optimum agronomic productivity in acid soils. A field study was conducted to investigate the impact of micronutrient and liming on soil properties and productivity of groundnut‐rapeseed system in an acidic Inceptisol. The impact of six micronutrient (control or no micronutrient, Zn at 5 kg ha−1, B at 1 kg ha−1, Mo at 0.5 kg ha−1, Zn + Mo, and Zn + B + Mo) and two soil amendment (furrow liming at 500 kg ha−1 and no lime addition) treatments were first tested in groundnut and theirs residual effects were assessed on soil properties of succeeding rapeseed crop. Results indicated that liming significantly improved soil pH, soil organic carbon (SOC), available N, P and K, and diethylene triamine penta acetate (DTPA)‐extractable micronutrients, soil microbial biomass C and dehydrogenase activity as compared to no‐lime. After harvesting groundnut, Mo + Zn + B treated plots maintained the highest SOC content, whereas sole B and Mo treatment had the highest SOC content after harvesting rapeseed. Further, Mo + Zn + B treated plots showed higher contents of soil DTPA‐extractable micronutrients as compared to others. The highest groundnut equivalent yield (GEY) of the cropping system (pooled data of 2 years) was obtained with Mo + Zn + B (2.12 Mg ha−1) but remained at par with Zn + Mo (2.02 Mg ha−1). Multivariate principal component analysis indicated that available P was the most prominent soil nutrient with a strong effect on GEY. The results indicated that integrated application of Zn + B + Mo along with liming improves soil properties and agronomic productivity of groundnut‐rapeseed cropping system.
Soil organic carbon (SOC) controls ecosystem and agro-ecosystem function, influencing soil fertility, water holding capacity and many other functions. The total amount of C stored in the surface soil is higher than sub surface soil area. It is estimated that the amount of C in the atmospheric pool is about 766 Pg C and about 566 Pg C in living vegetation. It is also of global importance because of its role in the global carbon cycle and therefore, the part it plays in the mitigation of atmospheric levels of greenhouse gases (GHGs). Different factors such as topography, climate, and soil physico-chemical properties also effect SOC stock in soil. Past long-term experimental studies have shown that soil organic C is highly sensitive to changes in land use, with changes from native ecosystems such as forest or grassland to agricultural systems almost always resulting in a loss of SOC. Land use change in different part of the world has also been observed to influence SOC stocks in different depth of the soil. Proper management of land use and land management practices and application of fertilizers, organic compost and manures could leads to greater C-storage in the soil, improves soil fertility and crop yield.
Iron is one of the important factors and essential nutrients of microbial life. Microorganisms and plants produce small high affinity chelating molecules known as siderophore. Siderophore also play a critical role in microbial life and plant metabolism activity. Apart from maintaining microbial life, siderophore can be harnessed for the sustainability of human and animals. Siderophore have the ability to bind trace metals and toxic heavy metals. Even though siderophore form complexes with heavy metals, unlike Fe it restrains they deliver through the plasma membrane of the root cells. Thereby siderophore reduce the metal accumulation in the plant. A great variation is seen in siderophore structure produced by many bacteria. There are three main kinds of siderophore known as hydroxamate, catecholate and carboxylate. Siderophore production can be obtained under iron restrict media and many researchers have produced siderophore from bacteria on succinate media. Siderophore and their derivative have large application in agriculture as to increase soil fertility and biocontrol for fungal pathogen. Siderophore also used to reduce the level of metal contamination in environment specifically from soil and water.The bacterium Bacillus megaterium is known to produce two hydroxamate siderophore, schizokinen and N-deoxyschizokinen, under iron-limited conditions.
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