This paper proposes that exposure to radiation could generate free radicals, which could lead to disorders such as heamolysis-induced anaemia. We evaluated the radioprotective potentials of Cochorous olitorious and Adasonia digitata methanol leaves extract in gamma radiation induced anaemia. Fifty four adult male Wistar rats were divided into nine groups of 6 animals. Except for the control group, the other the animals were treated with a single dose of whole body gamma radiation of 6Gy and received either 500 or 1000 mg/kg body weight (bwt) of A. digitata and C. olitorious either singly or combination and vitamin C was used as reference. A. digitata and C. olitorious were screened for phytochemical content and had saponin (16.59±1.85 and 22.12±0.24), tannins (311.98±0.01 and 287.07±0.16), polyphenols (170.90±0.68 and 330.07±0.32), alkaloids (81.56±0.56 and 68.65±2.05) and flavonoids (25.38±2.88 and 157.38±0.38) respectively. There was significant loss in body weight, depletion in red blood cells (RBC), packed cell volume (PCV), heamoglobin concentration (HBC) in untreated rats exposed to gamma radiation. Administration of the plant extract to rats exposed to radiation was able to attenuate and ameliorate loss in body weight and changes in blood cells (HBC, PCV, PLT and RBC) especially in radiated rats on combination therapy of both extracts at 1000 mg/kg bwt group. Hepatoprotective and safety evaluation was done by measuring the serum ALT, AST and ALP, these parameters were significantly (p<0.05) increased in untreated rats exposed to gamma radiation compared to normal control rats and these decreased in rats on plant extract.
The present study investigated the anti-atherosclerotic and antioxidative effect of the methanolic extracts (MExt) of Cochorous olitorous (CO) and Adansonia digitata (AD) leaves on irradiation-induced atherosclerosis in male Wistar rats. Atherosclerosis was induced in male rats by a single dose of 6 gray whole body gamma radiation. MExt of C. olitorous and A. digitata leaves at 500 and 1,000 mg/kg bwt were administered as treatment for 7 days. Blood serum was analysed for lipid profile, MDA (malondialdehyde) and liver tissue for antioxidants enzymes, whereas the therapeutic potential was compared to the lipids-lowering drug lovastatin at 10 mg/kg/bwt. The phytochemical studies showed the presence of polyphenols, flavonoids, tannins and saponins. Treatment with MExt of CO and AD normalized the elevated MDA level, whereas the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase in the treated rats increased. Pronounced changes were observed at 1,000 mg/kg bwt mixture of MExt of CO and AD for 1 weeks and it was more potent than the standard drug. The current study provided strong evidence that MExt of CO and AD might be important in the treatment of atherosclerosis and ROS without any side effects at the studied dosage and duration.
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