Controversy over the role of antioxidants in cancer has persisted for decades. Here, we demonstrate that synthesis of the antioxidant glutathione (GSH), driven by GCLM, is required for cancer initiation. Genetic loss of Gclm prevents a tumor's ability to drive malignant transformation. Intriguingly, these findings can be replicated using an inhibitor of GSH synthesis, but only if delivered prior to cancer onset, suggesting that at later stages of tumor progression GSH becomes dispensable potentially due to compensation from alternative antioxidant pathways. Remarkably, combined inhibition of GSH and thioredoxin antioxidant pathways leads to a synergistic cancer cell death in vitro and in vivo, demonstrating the importance of these two antioxidants to tumor progression and as potential targets for therapeutic intervention.

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We report on the founding member of a unique class of luminescent ionic liquids integrating a photoacidic anion that responds to the presence of both condensed- and gas-phase basicity; the analytical response is ratiometric in nature, visible to the naked eye, and offers fascinating prospects in smart photofluids, liquid logic gates, electronic noses, and sensory inks.

Aromatic oligoamide macrocycles 3 undergo extremely strong stacking in both solution and the solid state, forming tubular assemblies that further aggregate.