Two studies of impurity distribution within electrolytically refined cathodes show broad disparities in the distribution of impurities within one cathode, between one cathode and another, and between cathodes of differing surface (nodulation) characteristics. The findings bring into question the reliability of results based on sampling discrete locations on cathodes.
When a low consumers' risk is required it can be controlled through the use of a sampling plan. This plan starts with the average outgoing quality limit and works through the limiting quality level to arrive at the sampling plan. Very large sample sizes are required.
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