Poverty is a phenomenon of spatial heterogeneity, which is usually indicated by the tendency of poor people to group in a certain area. It means that poverty is influenced by the spatial effect. Geographical conditions and economic inequality that occurred in various regions in Indonesia, especially East Java reinforced the reason for adding spatial effects in the analysis. In addition, as an effort to obtain an increasingly accurate model, poverty that occurs is highlighted in a period of time. The aim of this study is to determine the factors that influence the percentage of poor people according to regency/city in East Java province in 2012-2017 by a spatial data panel analysis. The best model for this case is Spatial Autoregressive (SAR) model using the concept of distance. It shows that poverty in East Java is related to spatial effect. Therefore, each regency/city has different constants, depending on its spatial weighting matrix. Thus, the percentage of poor people by Regency/City in East Java province was influenced by Human Development Index (HDI), Poverty Gap Index (P1), Poverty Severity Index (P2) and also the spatial effect.
Southeast Asia is a strategic region in tourism because of its natural and cultural richness. Thus, tourism ministers of ASEAN countries agreed to launch a joint ten-year plan to make Southeast Asia as one destination package for international tourists. The aim of this plan is to increase the share of tourism to the regional economy by 15 percent in 2025. This paper estimates the relationship between tourism and economic development in ten Southeast Asian countries of Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam using regression analysis of panel data. It tests the effect of tourism factors such as visitor exports, internal travel and tourism consumption, business tourism spending and capital investment in tourism industry on gross domestic product from 2014 to 2016. The best model obtained is fixed effect model and the tourism aspects that have positive significant impact on gross domestic product improvement in Southeast Asian countries are internal travel and tourism consumption also capital investment in tourism industry. Furthermore, the factors that effect gross domestic product negatively are visitor exports and business tourism spending.
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