The adsorption of ammonium ions, radionuclide ions (Sr2+ and Cs+) and heavy metal ions (Ni2+, Cr3+, Fe3+ and Hg2+) on natural Sokyrnytsky clinoptilolite has been investigated. Effective cation exchange of heavy metal ions and radioactive elements was observed with samples of the clinoptilolite which had been pretreated with ammonium chloride solutions. The adsorption isotherms for such cations from solutions of 0.5–1.0 mg/l ion content were studied under static conditions for adsorbent particle size fractions of 1.5–2.5 mm. Solid phases and solution aliquots were analyzed by X-ray fluorescence methods for Sr2+ ions while the concentrations of other ions were analyzed by spectrophotometric methods.
The adsorption of lead(II) ions on the natural forms of Transcarpathian zeolite under static and dynamic conditions was investigated. Partial conversion of inactive calcium ions in the zeolite into relatively more mobile sodium or ammonium ions resulted in an increase in the adsorption of Pb2+ ions. Similarly, partial removal of aluminium oxide from the zeolite changed its physicochemical properties and led to the maximum adsorption of lead(II) ions.
Adsorbents based on natural Sokyrnytsky clinoptilolite have been prepared by treating the base sorbent with aqueous solutions of different salts or acids (HCl, NH 4 OH or NaCl). The separate adsorption of Zr 2+ and Sr 2+ ions and of vitamin B 1 together with the joint adsorption of Sr 2+ ions and vitamin B 1 has been investigated on the prepared samples. The adsorption isotherms of the cations were studied both against concentration and time, when superposition of the adsorption and desorption curves was observed. This suggests the possibility of using such adsorbents for the isolation of heavy metal ions from human organisms without simultaneous loss of vitamin B 1 .
The physical, chemical and catalytic properties of simple oxides and aluminosilicates of different composition, together with modifications of the same obtained by treatment with various reagents, have been studied experimentally. It has been shown that the use of simple oxides as catalysts led to the extensive oxidation of ethane while the use of aluminosilicates allowed the generation of formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and alcohols such as methanol and ethanol. The presence of phosphorus in the modified catalysts favoured the formation of aldehydes and led to an increase in aldehyde concentration as well as the appearance of alcohols among the oxidation products of n-a1kanes, e.g. ethane. Thus, the addition of phosphoric acid to y-AIP3 resulted in the formation of formaldehyde as a useful product. 'First presented at the 3rd Polish-Ukrainian Symposium on Theoretical and Experimental Studies of Interfacial Phenomena and their Technological Application. Lviv. Ukraine. 22
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