In this article, we explore the experiences of commercial content creators who have their content (videos, photos, and images) misused. This article reports from a mixed-methods study consisting of 16 interviews with content creators; nine interviews with practitioners who support sex workers and interviews with seven adult service website (ASW) operators. These qualitative data are supported by 221 responses to a survey from the content creators’ community. We describe how content creators experience blackmail, threats of exposure and recording without knowledge, stalking, harassment, doxing, ‘deepfakes’ and impersonation. We conclude that the online sex work environment may not be as safe as previous research has demonstrated, and that commercial content creators are often ignored by governance and platforms following sex workers’ complaints regarding their content being misused. We reflect on the forthcoming UK Online Safety Bill as compared to the US Stop Enabling Sex Traffickers Act/Fight Online Sex Trafficking Act (SESTA/FOSTA) law which have seen implications across the globe for digital sex workers. We offer solutions for ASWs to act more responsibly.
in the assumptions. CONCLUSIONS: Compared with usual therapeutic strategies of anemia, the use of intravenous iron appears to be significantly cost saving in chemotherapy-induced anemia in breast cancers and gastrointestinal cancers.
OBJECTIVES:The objective of this study was to determine, from the perspective of PMH, the financial impact of treating patients with CLL using R and intravenous FC (R-FC IV) versus R and orally administered FC (R-FC PO). METHODS: A cost analysis was performed from the perspective of PMH. All drug and administration costs were obtained from relevant sources in the province of Ontario and validated by PMH. Rituximab dosing was set at 375 mg/m 2 for cycle 1 (day 1) and 500 mg/m 2 of cycles 2-6 (day 1). Intravenous F and C were dosed at 25 mg/m 2 and 250 mg/m 2 , respectively, for 6 cycles (days 1-3). Oral dosing of these drugs was set at 40 mg/m 2 and 325 mg/m 2 , respectively. Drug utilization was estimated based on a body surface area of 1.8 m 2 .
A213 accurate incidence and prevalence data, but incidence estimates were found to be 5-12 people/million/year in US. AL amyloidosis is associated with early mortality (median survival < 3 years in many series) and a 42-64% rate of non-response or progression. Costly complications of AL amyloidosis include disease-related organ failure. For example, kidney involvement is present in about 70% of patients, and rates of dialysis in patients with AL amyloidosis range from 5-18% with mean total 12-month healthcare costs (inpatient, outpatient and indirect costs) for patients receiving dialysis being $99,776. There are no disease specific patient-reported outcome (PROs) tools developed for AL amyloidosis, but patients report severe psychological distress, anxiety and also experience unintentional weight loss. There are no consistent clinical guidelines for treatment of AL amyloidosis especially after relapse as no drug has received FDA or EMA approval for this indication. Overall, limited efficacy and significant toxicity are still major concerns with current therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Limited epidemiologic and health outcomes data exist in the literature for relapsed or refractory AL amyloidosis. Treatment options are insufficient. New therapies which offer better clinical outcomes with less toxicity are needed to improve patient care.
fees under the routine continuous chemotherapies were RMB11,333 (USD1,828) per patient, with 34.8% (RMB3,939) born by the patient out-of-pocket. Under PAP, for the same patient group, the patients monthly self-paid RMB4,519 (USD729) of the average fees for Icotinib and another RMB1,064 (USD172, 16.9% of total fees) for other drugs and routine treatment. ConClusions: The PAP, which provides the targeted patients the access to innovative medicines with better efficacy and safety, greatly decreased the fees on routine treatment, but also brought additional self-paid cost on PAP-covered medicines. Further researches are needed to help decision makers to make the tradeoff among better accessibility, increasing cost and improved outcomes from the clinical utilization of PAP-covered innovative medicines.
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