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In light of recent predictions that by 2050, antimicrobial resistance will cause almost 10 million deaths annually, costing the global economy 100 trillion U.S. dollars, the examination of antibiotic resistance on both local and global scales has become essential. Antibiotic resistance is a multidimensional problem that connects water professionals with many scientists from different professions. In this review, we provide the big picture to the researchers venturing into this topic with respect to wastewater treatment and water safety, focusing on two aspects: antibiotics and antibiotic resistance and how they are intertwined. The story opens with the history of antibiotics, followed by their classes, modes of action and main bacterial targets, uses in clinical settings and agriculture, and presence in wastewater and the environment. The section about antibiotic resistance starts with its definition in clinical and environmental settings, followed by types and means of genetic transfer, prioritization, environmental risk and the current regulation framework, and the fate of antibiotic resistant bacteria and their genes throughout the wastewater treatment plant. The review ends with recommendations that should help water professionals in making educated decisions in research pursuits and avoiding common pitfalls when embarking on a journey of antibiotic resistance.

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This paper identifies the method to control the vibration responses of a concrete viaduct model under impulsive force excitation. The frequencies and mode shapes of resonances of the bending vibration across the section can control the magnitude of the structure-borne noise radiation. A plastic hammer is used to excite the cement viaduct model at the centre and at the supporting edge position of the cross-section separately. The results of analysis using a Finite Element Method are confirmed by the experimental findings of the cross-sectional modes. The findings showed that the local modes are of two types: (1) Centre mode -the centre of top panel can move but the edge is fixed. (2) Edge (web) mode -the centre of panel is fixed but the edge (supported by web) can move. It is found that by supporting the machines on the edge, the center mode will not be excited but the combined mode of edge and center mode can give rise to significant noise radiation. A honeycomb panel with high resonance frequency is used to reduce the vibration transmission from this combined mode. The design can be used as an alternative to floating slab for reducing noise.

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