Lung volumes and quasi-static deflation volume-pressure relationships were measured in male golden hamsters anesthetized with pentobarbital. Volume was measured with a pressure plethysmograph, and pleural pressure was estimated by the use of a water-filled esophageal catheter. Mean body weight +/- SE was 122.3 +/-3.0 g, mean lung weight was 0.74 +/- 0.2 g or about 0.6% of body weight. Mean lung volume at 25 cmH2O transpulmonary pressure (TLC25) was 7.2 +/- 0.14 ml, 9.78 +/- 0.17 ml/g lung weight or 5.92 +/- 0.06 ml/100 g body weight. Mean functional residual capacity was 2.4 +/- 0.06 ml or 33.3% of TLC25. Mean vital capacity was 5.2 +/- 0.13 ml. Mean quasi-static compliance of lung was 0.63 +/- 0.03 ml/cmH2O. Chord compliance of chest wall between lung volumes of 1 and 4 ml above RV was 3.39 +/- 0.53 ml/cmH2O. At FRC, the chest wall recoiled inward, so that pleural pressure was positive (1.4 +/- 0.13 cmH2O) and the lung was resisting further collapse. The slope of the lung's deflation volume-pressure curve changed at FRC, ERV was small (0.36 +/- 0.03 ml), and RV was determined by complete airway closure. Thus the mechanisms determining FRC are unusual and include an influence of airway closure.
The incidence of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in women increase after menopause. Estrogen hormone had been implicated in cerebral aneurysm formation, growth and rupture. The aim of this study was to examine the association between estrogen hormone and presence of aneurysmal SAH in premenopausal women. Methods: Between February 2015 and December 2016, 40 patients at consecutive premenopausal women (mean age, 41 years) with aneurysms SAH, were treated in our hospital. The data of patients with clinical and gynecological history were analyzed and compared with control group with age matched, case-control study. Results: Single and multivariate analysis showed that estrogen hormone (estradiol) had a lower trend towards at premenopause age comparing with control group, statistically was significant (p<0.001). No significant association of SAH was found with gynecological and clinical factors (p>0.05). Conclusion: In our study, there is a trend showing that an earlier age at menopause relating to estrogen hormone deficiency is associated with the aneurysmal SAH. These data may help to identify a risk factor for pathogenesis of cerebral aneurysm and also a potential target for future therapies.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.