Focus group interviews are a common approach to data collection in qualitative research projects. They are, however, a method with the potential for methodological and pragmatic difficulties, many of which stem from transcribing focus group data from an audiotape. An alternative to postinterview transcription is the use of a court reporter. Advantages found using court reporters were increased accuracy, timely receipt of transcripts, less distraction for focus group facilitators, guaranteed confidentiality, time saved reviewing transcripts, and convenience. Because court reporters do not traditionally work in health research, there might be issues with medical terminology that require diligence on the part of the researcher to ensure that jargon is appropriately identified and transcribed. Using court reporters in rural areas might be cost-prohibitive because of travel expenses. Court reporters offer a viable and worthwhile approach to data transcription, and in our experience, have provided our research team with rich and accurate data.
Abstract-The mass spectia of some 3-and 4-substituted quinoline hydroxaniic acids and related compounds have been interpreted, and proposed fragmeniations substantiated by ineans of deuterium-labeling and accurate m a s deteiniinations. AIl compounds examincd gave abundant molecular ions; most showed strong [M -16Ik ions and weak [M -17]+ ions. The expulsion of CO and HCN molccules and H and HCO radicals were coninion subsequcnt decompositions. The spectrum of 4-hydroxy-2-n1ethylquinazoline-3-oxide (Vi 1) was unique and showed that nitric oxide was expelled from the molecular ion.A SELECTION of 3-and 4-substituted quinoline hydroxaniic acids and related coiiipounds were synthesized for antimierobial evaluation. Mass spectrometry was used to characterize the products and this revealed some interesting fragmentation pathways. This is the subject of this prccent communication.The m a s spectra of alkylquiiiolines,1~2 oxygenated quinoline~,~ tetrahydroquiiioline~,~ quinoline and isoquinoline N-oxides5s6 and other N-oxides7-'" have been recordcd aiid interpreted. Although cyclic hydroxamic acids are o-hydroxy Noxides, no detailed study of the effect of electron-impact upon these compounds ha5 been reported. There are three isolated reports on the mass spectra of individual cyclic hydroxamic a~i d s .~*~~,~~ In each instance, the suitability of a cyclic hydroxamate structure was inferred from the presence of an [M -161' ion in the spectrum.From the studies on N-oxides just referred to, it can be concluded that aromatic N-oxides give large [M -16]+ ions (>15:( abundance), whereas large [!vi -161' ions are not characteristic of non-aromatic N-oxides. If the operation of an ovtlzoeffect is possible as in the case of 2-alkyl pyridiiie N-oxides, then re!atively abundant [M -17]+ ioiis are formed as a result of a one-step eliinination of an OH radical.In the prescnt study, the m a s spectra of ten quinoline hydroxaniic acids possessing various siibstituents in the 3 or 4 positions (la to Ih; IIIa, Ilib), aiid four related compounds (iV to ViI) were examined to determine whether compounds of this class fragmented predictably and were capable of characterization i i i this way. Mass spectral data of the majority of these compounds are listed in Table 1
A number of quinoline N-oxides have been prepared and oxidized by means of lead tetraacetate to quinoline hydroxamic acids (i.e. derivatives of 1-hydroxy-2(1H)-quinolone). Contrary to the findings of other investigators, I-hydroxy-4-nitro-2(1 H)-quinolone (2e) is obtained by treating 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide with lead tetraacetate. Quinolines with a methyl group in the 8-position could not be oxidized to N-oxides with hydrogen peroxide.The antibacterial properties of the hydroxamic acids and some of the N-oxides were evaluated against S. a u r e~s and E. coli.
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