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Tumors create and maintain an immunosuppressive microenvironment that promotes cancer cell escape from immune surveillance. The immune checkpoint protein programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) is expressed in many cancers and is an important contributor to the maintenance of the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. PD-L1 is a prominent target for cancer immunotherapy. Guidance of anti-PD-L1 therapy is currently effected through measurement of PD-L1 through biopsy and immunohistochemistry. Here, we report a peptide-based imaging agent, [68Ga]WL12, to detect PD-L1 expression in tumors noninvasively by positron emission tomography (PET). WL12, a cyclic peptide comprising 14 amino acids, binds to PD-L1 with high affinity (IC50≈ 23 nM). Synthesis of [68Ga]WL12 provided radiochemical purity >99% after purification. Biodistribution in immunocompetent mice demonstrated 11.56 ± 3.18, 4.97 ± 0.8, 1.9 ± 0.1, and 1.33 ± 0.21 percentage of injected dose per gram (%ID/g) in hPD-L1, MDAMB231, SUM149, and CHO tumors, respectively, at 1 h postinjection, with high binding specificity noted with coinjection of excess, nonradiolabeled WL12. PET imaging demonstrated high tissue contrast in all tumor models tested.

The Present work outlines the antibacterial activity of Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles synthesized through chemical combustion method where ferric nitrate is used as precursor material and urea as fuel with the assistant of Tween 80, a non-ionic surfactant. The obtained Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction, differential thermal analysis/thermo gravimetric analysis (DTA/TGA), particle size analyzer, SEM with EDAX and TEM. Various parameters such as dislocation density, micro strain, analysis of weight loss and surface morphological studies were calculated. The particle size was calculated from XRD and it was found to be 33-40 nm. Using well diffusion method antibacterial activity of Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles was tested against gram-positive and gramnegative Staphylococus aureus, Xanthomonas, Escherichia coli and Proteus vulgaris. Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles exhibited strong antibacterial activity against bacterial species.

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