Chest radiographic appearance of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) positive patients was reviewed. A study group of SO HIV +ve cases and a control group of 100 HIV ave cases were analysed. The chest radiographs of HIV seropositive group showed slgnlOcantly higher Incidence of thoracic lymphadenopathy (36% vs 8%, P<.OOI), pleural effusion (28% vs 10%, P<.OI) and miliary pattern (12% vs 2%, P<.05) as compared to the seronegative group. Cavitation was less common in the seropositive group (8% vs 35%, P<.OOI) than the seronegative group. Upper zone involvement was slgnlOcantly less common in the study group (38% vs 77%, P<.OOI) as compared to the control group. MJAFI 2002; 58: 05-08
Thirty consecutive cases of Takayasu's arteritis (TA) admitted over a period of four years in a large referral hospital were analysed. The extent of aorta and its branches involvement was assessed by a Duplex Doppler study and aortography. The mean age of patients was 24.7 years with the male to female ratio of 1:1.2. The vascular involvement was, Type I (10%), Type II (40%) and Type III (50%). Renal artery (76.6%), Coeliac and superior mesenteric arteries (46.6%) and right common carotid artery (30%) were the commonly involved branches of aorta. Systemic features were seen in 25 per cent cases. Hypertension (83.3%), unequal pulses (80%) and arterial bruit (66.6%) were common clinical features. Stroke (20%), cardiac failure (10%) and renal failure(10%), were the complications seen. Hypertensive retinopathy was common, but Takayasu's retinopathy was not seen.
The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of bronchial arteriography and transcatheter embolization in treatment of severe haemoptysis. Forty five patients with severe haemoptysis were evaluated by means of bronchial arteriography and study of non bronchial systemic arteries and underwent transcatheter embolization. Specific causes of haemoptysis were Tuberculosis (n=37), Tuberculosis with AspergiUoma (n=4) and bronchiectasis (n=4). Gel foam pellets and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) particles were used as embolic material In 36 patients and 9 patients respectively. The anglographic signs of haemorrhage encountered were extravasation of contrast in 2 patients (4.4%), hypervascularisation in 42 (93.3%), broncho-pulmonary shunt in 13 (28.8%) and bronchial artery aneurysm in 1 patient (2.2%). Immediate control of bleeding occurred in 44 (97.7%) of 4S patients after embolization. Recurrent haemoptysis occurred in 4 cases (11.9%) more than 1 month after embolization but bleeding was less severe, than before treatment. This study suggests that bro:1chial artery embolization is an effective method of managing patients with severe haemoptysis, minor bleeding recurrences appear to be relatively infrequent. MJAFII999; SS: 189-192KEYWORDS: Embolization; Haemoptysis; Lung haemorrhage. males),their ages ranged from 22 to 62 years and averaged 29.6 years. The underlying causes included Tuberculosis (0=37), Tuberculosis with Aspergilloma (n=4) and Bronchiectasis (n=4) (Table I). Cases included in this study were those who had recurrent bouts of haemoptysis in thai there was loss of more than 250 ml blood in 24 hours.Transfemorol bronchial and or intercostal arteriography was perfonned using standard Seldinger technique using 4.5 Fr Shephard's Crook catheter and 5 Fr double angle renal and Cobra visceral catheters. The material used was gelfoam sponge cut into 2-3 mm cubes in 36 patients whereas in the rest of the patients, polyvinyl alcohol particle of more than 500~were used. Bronchial arteries were selected for embolization on the basis of arteriographic infonnation. In addition to bronchial arteries, intercostal arteries and internal mammary arteries, costocervical U1Ink, superior thoracic and Imeral thoracic arteries were also cmbolized.The effectiveness of embolizmion was detennined at short tenn (less than 1 month) and long tenn (more than I month) with either
Background: The liver is the largest gland in the body and has a wide variety of functions . It receives a double blood supply via the hepatic artery and the portal vein. The portal vein provides about 50% to 70% of the liver's oxygenation and the hepatic artery gives about 30% to 50% oxygenation to the liver. Unlike portal vein anatomy, the hepatic arterial anatomy is extraordinarily variable . The incidence of aberrant hepatic artery is quite high . So the knowledge about hepatic vascular distribution and its variations is important to plan and to make trans arterial embolization therapy successful in the patients with metastatic liver tumors.
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