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Biopolymer-mediated sonochemical synthesis has been carried out for obtaining stable, nanocrystalline ZnO-biopolymer nanocomposite colloids to be applied on polymer foam and cotton fabrics to ultimately produce multifunctional, heath-care surface modifications. In situ nucleation and growth of nano-ZnO was achieved by ultrasonication at $ 60 C in aqueous biopolymer media prepared using starch, gelatin, chitosan, and agar. Phase analysis, structure-bonding characteristics, ZnO morphology, particle size distributions, rheology, and thermal decompositions were studied using XRD, FTIR, SEM/ TEM, viscometer, and TG/DTA tools. Morphologically varied nanocrystalline ZnO of size $ 40 nm were synthesized. Biopolymers media resulted in stable ZnO colloids through steric stabilization. ZnO-biopolymer nanocompo-sites colloid was applied on polyurethane foams and cotton fabric substrates by dip coating. These coatings were examined for the UV photoactivity and resistance to fungi growth. A comparison has been made among the biopolymers. It is shown that the surface coatings of ZnO-biopolymer nanocomposites can produce anti-fungal, UV active polymer foams and fabrics. The study has significant relevance in automobile and hospital industries because such functionally modified polymer foams and cotton fabrics can be disinfected and refreshed just by periodic application of water-free, UV cleaning. V C 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 126: E232-E243, 2012 Figure 7 Morphologies of ZnO-biopolymer nanocomposites prepared with (a) starch, (b) gelatin, (c) chitosan, and (d) agar templates. [Color figure can be viewed in the online issue, which is available at wileyonlinelibrary.com.] E238 SANOOP ET AL.

A 2-D ceramic nanostructure was successfully processed out of nanolamellar 312 MAX phase ternary carbide and titanium silicon carbide via a simple shear-induced delamination method and was incorporated in an epoxy matrix, so as to improve the bulk properties of the polymer.

Hierarchically porous alumino-siloxane aerogels (ALS-PG) with a rare structural architecture were developed through a biotemplating method using pollen grains of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis. The unique structure of the Hibiscus rosa-sinensis pollen makes it an attractive biotemplate, by replicating all levels of macro-and mesoscale morphological features. The micromorphological analysis exposed funnelshaped macrochannels between the mesoporous aerogel framework that are difficult to design artificially. The N 2 sorption analyses confirmed hierarchical trimodal pore size distribution with an average mesopores diameter (ca. 3.9, 8.7, 26.6 nm), high BET/Langmuir surface area (497/664 m 2 g −1 ) and large pore volume (1.6788 cm 3 g −1 ) than the corresponding nontemplated aerogels and xerogels counterpart. Beneficial properties of this sophisticated hierarchical porous structure was examined and confirmed by the immobilization of steapsin lipase. Hierarchically porous ALS-PG showed enhanced loading and immobilization efficiency (32.3 mg g −1 and 74.21%) when compared to non templated ALS-WO-PG (11.2 mg g −1 and 41.40%). It was further improved with the methyl

Ultrathin Ti3SiC2 MAXene nanosheets were synthesized by shear induced micromechanical technique. This new class of 2D functional material is an ideal candidate for energy and electronic applications.

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