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In comparison with healthy persons, chronic uremic patients on regular hemodialysis treatment had significantly higher blood serum concentrations of alpha 1-acid glycoprotein, ceruloplasmin and C4 complement component, while levels of haptoglobin, C3 and transferrin were lower. Serum alpha 2-macroglobulin and alpha 1-antitrypsin levels were similar in both groups. Hemodialysis with cuprophan membrane induced only slight changes in some of these glycoproteins during a 48-hour follow-up period. Seven hours after termination of hemodialysis slight, but significant, decreases in blood serum transferrin and alpha 1-antitrypsin concentrations were observed. Hemodialysis thus does not seem to induce a conspicuous acute-phase reaction.

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In the early phase of hemodialysis progressive decreases in some enzyme activities in the leukocyte homogenate, neutrophil granule fraction and postgranular supernatant were found with concomitant rise in plasma β-glucuronidase activity, which is indicative of the release of neutrophil granule factors into the extracellular environment. Intravenous infusion of human neutrophil granule products to rabbits induced profound transient neutropenia. The results suggest that the release of neutrophil granule factors in the early period of hemodialysis may be a possible cause of hemodialysis neutropenia.