Abstract: The Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) today is gaining plenty of attention due to its wide application range. The reduction of consumption of energy of their sensor nodes has been considered to be a crucial challenge for operating the WSNs in the long run. Low-Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH) which is an extremely popular technique which can form several clusters by means of employing a distributed algorithm. The Multi-Hop Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (MH-LEACH) has minimized the consumption of energy at the time of transmission of data among the Cluster Heads (CH) and Base Station (BS). The load is further reduced by multi-hop routing wherein packets are duplicated within the network to improve the efficiency of energy for the WSN. A heuristic method of local search is the Great Deluge Algorithm (GDA) which is employed for solving problems in optimization. In this work, a multi-hop LEACH along with the Great Deluge Algorithm that has been proposed for efficiency in clustering of the WSN. Index Terms: Great Deluge Algorithm (GDA), Low-Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH), Multi-Hop LEACH (MH-LEACH) and Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). I. INTRODUCTIONThe Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) contains plenty of sensor nodes that can perform sensing, computing and also communication which is wireless. Such nodes are normally deployed densely within a region of interest that is applied to several other applications like monitoring the environment, industrial applications, habitat monitoring and military surveillance [1]. As there are wireless sensor nodes suffering from limitations of power, the design of large scale network has been posing various challenges. For the same reason, all the protocols proposed along with the sensor network algorithm have been focusing on utilising efficiently, the resources of sensor energy. With the exponential increase in the consumption of energy, and the distance of communication which is based on the model of energy consumption [2], which makes multi-hop communication extremely advantageous for the gathering of data and for saving of energy. Furthermore, hierarchical routing is also very helpful in the performance of network more so on the case of consumption of energy and scalability.Normally, any cluster network will employ, for every cluster, single-hop routing. One-hop clustering will be able to bring down consumption of energy for communication by means of forwarding the data of source nodes to the CH through the single hop. But, at the time there is an increase in
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