BackgroundThe pathogens from Fusarium species can cause Fusarium root rot (RR) and other diseases in plant species including sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.), and they have a strong negative impact on sugar beet yield and quality.MethodsA total of 22 sugar beet breeding lines were evaluated for the symptoms of RR after inoculation with Fusarium oxysporum Sch., isolate No. 5, and growth in a field trial. Two candidate genes for RR resistance, BvSP2 and BvSE2, encoding chitinases Class IV and III, respectively, were previously identified in sugar beet, and used for genotyping using modern Amplifluor-like single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping approach. The qPCR expression analysis was used to verify responses of the candidate genes for RR infections.ResultsA strong association of two SNP markers for BvSP2 and BvSE2 with resistance to RR in sugar beet was found in our study. Very high BvSP2 expression (100-fold compared to Controls) was observed in three RR resistant accessions (2182, 2236 and KWS2320) 14 days after inoculation which returned to the control level on Day 18. RR sensitive breeding line 2210 showed a delay in mRNA level, reaching maximal expression of BvSP2 18 days after inoculation. The gene BvSE2, showed a strong expression level in leaf samples from the infected field trial only in the breeding line 2236, which showed symptoms of RR, and this may be a response to other strains of F. oxysporum.
The results of studying hybrids and lines of sugar beet resistant to unfavorable factors of crop cultivation are presented. The study was carried out on 50 samples of domestic and foreign selection from various countries of the world:Russia,Ukraine,Kyrgyzstan,Germany,Austria. The experiment was carried out in laboratory conditions be means of germination methods at low temperatures and restoration of regeneration processes using in vitro culture. The assessment of the resistance of sugar beet genotypes to cold stress was carried out by physiological method of seed germination at a temperature of4°Cin a climatic chamber during 45-48 days. Samples showing high germination ability were identified: ChS 97 (50%), Kirgizskaya 069 (42), ChS 1631 (38), Biyskaya 32 (38), PMC 133 (33), Uspekh (31), Ramonskaya 125 (30%). These forms are recommended for cultivation in the northern regions of theRepublicofKazakhstan. The assessment of cold resistance using in vitro culture was carried out according to the methodology developed by theInstituteofBioenergy Cropsand Sugar Beets (Kiev,Ukraine). Hypocotyls with apical buds (petioles) of 15-day-old seedlings of sugar beet hybrids were used as explants. Based on the assessment of collection samples of sugar beet using in vitro culture, the following genotypes were selected: Kirgizskaya 069, ChS 97, PMC 60, ChS 1611, 2249; ChS 97 and ChS 1611 lines. These samples, capable of restoring regeneration processes after prolonged cold stress at temperature4°C, were microclonally propagated in order to be included in the breeding process with the purpose of obtaining cold-resistant hybrids.
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