Background: Cancer is one among main causes of morbidity and mortality in developing and developed countries. The World Cancer Report 2014 of World Health Organization’s (WHO’s) International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), states that in 2012 the global incidence of cancer increased to a 14 million new cases, the figure expected to rise to an annual 19.3 million by 2025. The prescription pattern of anticancer drugs has evolved considerably in recent years because of better understanding of underlying pathophysiology of carcinomas as well as introduction of newer drugs. Methods: It was a hospital-based prospective, cross-sectional study conducted in Department of Oncology, GGH, Kakinada for a period of twelve months from February 2017 to January 2018. A total of 100 patients were enrolled using convenience sampling technique. Patient demographics like age, gender, educational level, employment status, marital status, smoking category, alcohol consumption, stage of cancer was collected. Drug utilization pattern was obtained from inpatient case reports, prescriptions and medication charts used during a chemotherapy cycle.Results: Among all anticancer drugs, cisplatin and 5-flurouracil were most commonly prescribed followed by Adriamycin. The most commonly used adjuvant drugs were B-complex, diclofenac, granisetron, ranitidine, dexamethasone. Antibiotic use was found to be very limited.Conclusions: Various anticancer drug prescription patterns are being used for treatment of patient with metastatic cancers. In this study, cisplatin and 5-flurouracil were commonly used. Injudicious antibiotic prescribing was not observed.
SUMMARYSchizophrenia is a psychological disorder, diagnosed by observed behavior and patient reported experiences. Antipsychotic medication mainly works by suppressing dopamine activity. Neuroleptics are also called as antipsychotic drugs. There is a increased risk of extrapyramidal side effects with typical antipsychotics. Atypical antipsychotics refers to newer antipsychotics that confer to less risk of extrapyramidal side effects. Along with these Neuroleptic treatment other adjuvant treatments like Insulin shock, Electroconvulsive, Oestrogen, Glycine, Cox 2 and Antioxidant therapies are also used for Schizophrenia. Insulin is a hormone that maintain blood sugar level. Repeated injections with large doses of insulin causes daily comas over several weeks during which the patient lost psychotic thoughts. In electroconvulsive therapy controlled electric currents pass through the brain, altering brain chemistry and reducing depression and schizophrenic symptoms. Repeated applications of electric current alter the neurotransmitter level in central nervous system. In oestrogen therapy epidemiological, clinical and animal studies exploring the protective effect of oestrogen against schizophrenic symptoms. Psychoprotective action of oestrogen appears to be mediated by central dopaminergic and serotonergic mechanisms. Glycine(amino acid) , antioxidants and vitamins are potential treatments for the negative symptoms of Schizophrenia. There is an imbalance between the type 1 and type 2 immune systems in patients with psychosis, this imbalance can be restored by Cox 2 inhibitors.
Background: Pregnancy influenced issues are common among pregnant women treated by medications that causes complication in mother and fetus. The study aims to identify patients with pregnancy influenced issues like gestational diabetes mellitus, gestational hypertension, gastroesophageal reflux disease and anaemia. To assess the drug used pattern along with antibiotic therapy and to observe the above disease related complications.Methods: A hospital based prospective observational study was conducted at department of obstetrics and gynecology in Rajah Muthiah Medical College and Hospital. Totally 100 patients enrolled and data was collected using data collection form.Results: Out of 100 patients, high prevalence occurred in 26-30 years of age. Primarily gestational hypertension (39%), treated with Tab. Labetatol and complications were premature delivery, low birth weight. Anaemia (25%) cases treated with Tab. Ferrous sulphate, Iron sucrose and Folic Acid, Preterm delivery as complication. Gestational diabetes mellitus (18%) treated with Metformin and Human Insulin and complications were preterm delivery, maternal obesity, increased child weight. GERD (8%) treated with Pantoprazole, Ondansetron, Bifilac and complications were weight loss, dehydration, low birth weight. In pre-operative cases, 79% received antibiotics as monotherapy and 21% as dual therapy. In post-operative cases, 41% received antibiotics as monotherapy and 59% as dual therapy. Metronidazole (95%) given in both post and pre- operative conditions.Conclusions: The present study provides valuable insight about the overall drugs used in pregnancy related diseases and complications arise. We hope our data will make necessary recommendations to all health care professionals and pregnant women to ensure all pregnancy related safety measures were taken.
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