Smokeless tobacco may also refer to tobacco dipping, snuff, snus, creamy snuff or tobacco toothpaste, tobacco gum, dissolvable tobacco, topical tobacco paste, tobacco water, herbal smokeless tobacco, etc. Smokeless tobacco use is more prevalent in countries of Asia, Africa and the Middle East than in Europe and the Americas.
5Cigarette smoke (CS) contains over 4000 chemical compounds such as nicotine, nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, hydrogen cyanide and free radicals, leading to generation of more toxic and carcinogenic compounds harmful to the health. 6 Nicotine is a major addictive agent in tobacco which acts as a psychoactive drug.CS causes metabolic activation leads to formation of reactive intermediates and potentially damaging metabolites that can promote cell injury and elicit toxic ABSTRACT Background: Cigarette smoking and other form of tobacco abusing habits are high prevalence in India at present which can be compare the oxidative level among them. This study aimed to measure the oxidative level among different cigarette smoke and other form of users in north-eastern, Uttar Pradesh of India. Methods: Total of 934 male and female subjects were selected in which 387 were controls (Group I), 140 were active smokers (Group II), 105 were passive smokers (group III), 182 were tobacco users (Group IV) and 120 were active smokers plus tobacco users (group V). Cigarette smoker and tobacco user prevalence <10/day, >10/day for 5 years' duration were collected. MDA, SOD, GR and CAT were measured. Results: Cigarette smoker and tobacco user prevalence is high in >10 cigarette/day for 5 years, Mean and SD value in oxidative stress in cigarette smokers and tobacco users MDA level 1314±330.1µmol/mg is increased, whereas SOD, GR and CAT level 2.229±0.248 units/ml, 0.0152±0.0071mg/ml and 0.345±0.046mg/ml respectively were reduced in active smoker plus tobacco users. Conclusions: Present study concluded that cigarette smoker and tobacco user showed their increased MDA and decreased SOD, GR and CAT which represented the significantly increased oxidative stress in north-eastern of Uttar Pradesh, India.
