In the recent years, error recovery circuits in optimized data path units are adopted with approximate computing methodology. In this paper the novel multipliers have effective utilization in the newly proposed two different 4:2 approximate compressors that generate Error free Sum (ES) and Error free Carry (EC). Proposed ES and Proposed EC in 4:2 compressors are used for performing Partial Product (PP) compression. The structural arrangement utilizes Dadda structure based PP. Due to the regularity of PP arrangement Dadda multiplier is chosen for compressor implementation that favors easy standard cell ASIC design. In this, the proposed compression idealogy are more effective in the smallest n columns, and the accurate compressor in the remaining most significant columns. This limits the error in the multiplier output to be not more than 2 n for an n X n multiplication. The choice among the proposed compressors is decided based on the significance of the sum and carry signals on the multiplier result. As an enhancement to the proposed multiplier, we introduce two Area Efficient (AE) variants viz., Proposed-AE (P-AE), and P-AE with Error Recovery (P-AEER). The proposed basic P-AE, and P-AEER designs exhibit 46.7%, 52.9%, and 52.7% PDP reduction respectively when compared to an approximate multiplier of minimal error type and are designed with 90nm ASIC technology. The proposed design and their performance validation are done by using Cadence Encounter. The performance evaluations are carried out using cadence encounter with 90nm ASIC technology. The proposed-basic P-AEA and P-AEER designs demonstrate 46.7%, 52.9% and 52.7% PDP reduction compared to the minimal error approximate multiplier. The proposed multiplier is implemented in digital image processing which revealed 0.9810 Structural SIMilarity Index (SSIM), to the least, and less than 3% deviation in ECG signal processing application.
Teleprinter signals on long and medium haul land-line and radio circuit get distorted causing delay in exchange of information due to its garbled reception. The authors have designed a simple start-stop regenerator to correct the distortions to the minimum to enable the acceptance of signals by the printing system. The design evolved is simple in its circuitry capable of correcting distortions upto 49 per cent and also can accommodate a speed variation of ±10 bauds. The regenerator can be used on circuits operating on 50, 75, 100 and 200 bauds speed.
In telecommunication practice, a polarised relay, an electromechanical device, is used to repeat information from a main source to a number of segments. These relays have their own limitations when speed of transmission is increased. The authors have developed an electronic relay, which is much cheaper and highly efficient in operation. This electronic relay can operate on very high speeds and uses very few components.
The paper describes an equipment developed for selection and switching of meteorological messages, from the trunk circuit to the subsidiary circuits. The equipment scans different characters present sin the designator of a message using World Meteorological format, by comparing the pulses in the characters of International alphabet 2 with the pulses generated in the equipment and filters data according to pre-determined programme. The basic circuitry of the equipment comprises of a pulse generator or clock, a frequency divider, divider, a comparator and coincidence circuit, a pulse recogniser and a matrix to recognise the character identified.
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