Discharge of untreated wastewater is one of the major problems in various countries. The use of azo dyes in textile industries are one of the key xenobiotic compounds which effect both soil and water ecosystems and result in drastic effect on the microbial communities. Orathupalayam dam, which is constructed over Noyyal river in Tamil Nadu, India has become a sink of wastewater from the nearby textile industries. The present study had aimed to characterize the bacterial diversity and community profiles of soil collected from the vicinity of the dam (DS) and allied agricultural field (ALS) nearby the catchment area. The soil dehydrogenase and cellulase activities were significantly lower in DS compared to ALS. Additionally, the long-term exposure to azo dye compounds resulted in higher relative abundance of Saccharibacteria (36.4%) which are important for degradation of azo dyes. On the other hand, the relative abundance of Proteobacteria (25.4%) were higher in ALS. Interestingly, the abundance of Saccharibacteria (15.2%) were also prominent in ALS suggesting that the azo compounds might have deposited in the agricultural field through irrigation. Hence, this study revealed the potential bacterial phyla which can be key drivers for designing viable technologies for degradation of xenobiotic dyes.
Aim: To explore the potential of water hyacinth biomass as a low cost adsorbent for sequestrating chromium ions from aqueous solution. Methodology: The biosorption behavior of chromium ions (Cr(III) and Cr(VI)) from aqueous solution by powdered water hyacinth biomass was assessed through series of batch experiments using advanced instrumentation techniques like Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive X-ray analysis and Fourier Transform Infra-Red spectroscopy, pH zero point charge. The equilibrium relationship between sorbent and sorbate was determined in solution by using the isotherms Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin models. Results: The optimum pH for Cr(III) and Cr(VI) adsorption was 5.0 and 2.0 whereas the maximum Cr(III) and Cr(VI) adsorption was 99.80 and 89.15%, respectively. Langmuir isotherm fitted the data well with R2 value of 0.999 for both Cr(III) and Cr(VI) by the biosorbent. Adsorption kinetics showed that the experimental data fitted the pseudo second order kinetic model with R2 value of 0.999 for both Cr(III) and Cr(VI). The EDX spectra peaks of Ca, O, C indicated the presence of functional groups such as –OH and –COOH in the biosorbent. The zeta potential analysis depicted that water hyacinth biomass had negative surface charge of (-) 23.5mV. Interpretation: Water hyacinth based biosorbent can be utilized for the removal of Cr ions from industrial waste water. Further, water hyacinth has additional advantage that it reduces or even eliminates the diverse impact of weeds on the environment. Key words: Biosorption, Chromium removal, Water hyacinth
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