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SummaryHamstring injuries are common in jumping and sprinting athletes. This case series documents acute grade I -II hamstring injuries in two Paralympic athletes. These athletes were able to transcend their injuries to compete 4 and 6 days after injury to attain personal best achievements.
Corresponding author : R Naidoo (naidoor3@ukzn.ac.za) Participants in recreational and competitive sports are constantly seeking ways to improve their performance. The widespread use of dietary supplements and their associated benefits in sporting performance has always been a topic of interest. Many of these products contain ingredients in varied mixtures and quantities. It is well documented that nutrient manipulation [1][2][3] can increase aerobic exercise performance. Traditionally, supplementation focussed on glucose as a fuel source for increasing performance. More recently, awareness has shifted to the role of ketone body supplements to increase performance.Ketone bodies can be endogenous where they are produced by the body in the liver, or exogenous, where they are taken in the form of a supplement [4] . Ketone body supplements are commonly composed of β-hydroxybutyrate (βHB) combined with a salt, such as potassium, calcium or sodium (Na-βHB) [4] , which are then known as ketone salts. A ketone ester, otherwise known as a ketone monoester, such as (R)-3-hydroxybutyl (R)-3hydroxybutyrate, is salt-free [5] and not commercially available.Ketone bodies, namely acetoacetate (AcAc), acetone, and βHB are lipid-based organic compounds produced by the liver during times of starvation and nutritional manipulation [3] , such as a high-
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