Endophytic microorganisms which are ubiquitously present in plants may colonize intracellularly or intercellularly without causing any diseases. By living within the unique chemical environment of a host plant, they produce a vast array of compounds with a wide range of biological activities. Because of this, natural products of endophytic origin have been exploited for antimicrobial, antiviral, anticancer, and antioxidant properties. Also, they can be considered to function as an efficient microbial barrier to protect plants from various pathogens. In the present study, endophytic bacterium BmB 9 with antifungal and antibacterial activity isolated from the stem tissue of Bacopa monnieri was studied for the molecular and chemical basis of its activity. PCR-based genome mining for various biosynthetic gene clusters proved the presence of surfactin, iturin, and type I polyketide synthase (PKS) genes in the isolate. The LC-MS/MS based analysis of the extract further confirmed the production of surfactin derivatives (M + H(+)-1008.6602, 1022.6755), iturin (M + H(+)-1043.5697), and fengycin (M + H(+)-1491.8195, 1477.8055) by the selected bacterial isolate. The 16S rDNA sequence similarity based analysis identified the isolate BmB 9 as Bacillus sp. with 100 % identity to Bacillus sp. LCF1 (KP257289).

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A compact grounded asymmetric coplanar strip (GACS)-fed flexible multiband frequency reconfigurable antenna with two PIN diodes is proposed. The investigated antenna is backed by a flexible polyamide substrate with compact dimensions of 24 mm × 19 mm and a thickness of 1.53 mm. The investigated antenna structure contains a monopole patch that facilitates operation for wireless LAN applications, whereas inverted L-shaped and F-shaped monopoles facilitate operation for Bluetooth and 5G NR applications. The investigated antenna operates at 2.4, 3.8, and 5.6 GHz with measured impedance bandwidths of 5.8%, 6.3%, and 6.6%, respectively, over the three frequency bands, thus facilitating coverage for Bluetooth, 5G NR, and WLAN standards. The two PIN diodes are employed to tune the investigated antenna among four modes, including a single band mode (WLAN 5.5 GHz), two dual-band modes (5G NR 3.8/5.6 GHz, and Bluetooth 2.48/5.6 GHz), and one multiband mode with Bluetooth (2.4 GHz), 5G New Radio (NR) N77 band (3.8 GHz), and WLAN (5.6 GHz) modes. The investigated antenna radiates unidirectionally with a peak gain of 3.73 dBi at 5.6 GHz. Measurements are carried out on the human body to investigate the behaviour of the wearable antenna. The simulated SAR values are in a safe limit of 1.6 W/kg for 1 g of tissue, according to the FCC. Moreover, the investigated antenna shows extremely low vulnerability to degradation in performance as a result of bending effects concerning impedance matching with acceptable acquiescence between measurements and simulations.

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Study of thermal particle production is crucial to understand the space-time evolution of the fireball produced in high energy heavy-ion collisions. We consider thermal particle production within the framework of relativistic viscous hydrodynamics and employ recently obtained analytical solutions of higher-order viscous hydrodynamics with longitudinal Bjorken expansion to calculate the spectra of dileptons and photons. Using these analytical solutions, we constrain the allowed initial states by demanding positivity and reality of energy density throughout the evolution. Further, we compute thermal particle spectra and study the particle yield in context of hydrodynamic attractors. We find that, of all allowed solutions, the evolution corresponding to attractor solution leads to maximum production of thermal particles.

Chemically unique environment of endophytes makes them to have various adaptive mechanisms for survival. One of such mechanisms involves the production of pharmacologically significant plant-specific metabolites. In the present study, 26 endophytic fungi were isolated from stem of Bacopa monnieri (L.) Wettst. plants. All the isolates were screened for bacopaside production property by HPLC. Among these, the fungal isolate BmF 16 which was identified as Aspergillus sp. was confirmed for bacopaside N1 production (m/z 796) by LC-MS/MS analysis. As the extract of BMF16 used in the study was prepared from the fifth generation of culture, the obtained result can be confirmed as due to fungal production of bacopaside. In addition, this property was identified only for one among the 26 fungi screened. As bacopaside N1 production in fungi has not yet been reported, the results of the study are novel.

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