The objective of this study was to determine the effects of feeding protein-iron complex (PIC) on productive performance and indicators of iron metabolism, hematology parameters, antioxidant and immune status during first 35 days of a calf’s life. Preparation of the complex involved enzymatic hydrolysis of milk casein (serine protease from Yarrowia lipolytica yeast). Iron chloride was then added to the hydrolyzate and lyophilizate. Calves were divided into treated groups: LFe (low iron dose) 10 g/day calf of protein-iron complex, HFe (height iron dose) 20 g/day calf, and control group. Dietary supplements containing the lower dose of concentrate had a significant positive effect on iron metabolism, while the higher dose of concentrate resulted in increase of total iron binding capacity (TIBC), saturation of transferrin and decrease of and unsaturated iron binding capacity (UIBC), which suggest iron overload. Additionally, treatment with the lower dose of iron remarkably increased the antioxidant parameters, mainly total antioxidant (TAS) and glutathione peroxidase activity (GPx). Higher doses of PIC were related to lower total antioxidant status. IgG, IgM, insulin, glucose, TNFα and IGF-1 concentration did not change significantly in either group after supplementation. In practice, the use of protein-iron complex concentrate requires taking into account the iron content in milk replacers and other feedstuffs.
Dehorning of calves is intended to facilitate handling and increase the safety of people and animals. the study aimed to review the methods of calf dehorning and use of pharmacological analgesic, anaesthetic and sedation drugs, as well as their impact on pain perception. regardless of the age of calves, dehorning is always associated with pain and stress. the changes in behaviour, physiological parameters, changes in heart rate, respiratory rate and increased cortisol secretion are observed during this procedure. The welfare of calves is significantly reduced during dehorning. many studies point to minimization of the pain perceived by the use of pharmacological agents. Beneficial effects were observed with the combined use of anaesthetics and non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs.
Abstract. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of training on hematological and biochemical blood indices and acid-base balance as well as to attempt an assessment of the degree of driving horses' training based on examined parameters during the training cycle. The study was conducted on eight Polish Halfbred driving horses (aged 6-12 years). Each four-horse harness included two geldings and two mares. Blood was collected before and directly after training as well as after a 30 min recovery period. Blood samples were analyzed for hematological and biochemical parameters, as well as acid-base balance and glutathione peroxidase activity. The data were processed using a general linear model (ANOVA) procedure in Statistica v10. A significant (P < 0.01) post-exercise increase in heart rate and respiratory rate was noted. Changes (P < 0.01) in red blood cells (RBC), hemoglobin (HGB), glucose (GLU) and nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) were observed after exercise. Correctness of the exercises affects the rate of recovery to rest values. The fastest recovery to the values of the rest period was noted in the case of RBC, HGB, LYM (lymphocytes), TCO 2 (total carbon dioxide), HCO − 3 (bicarbonate concentration), GLU and NEFA. Training load did not cause acid-base balance disturbance, with visible compensation during the recovery period (increase in HCO − 3 and extracellular base excess (BE)). Changes in GPx activity were not confirmed statistically; however an increasing tendency was observed after training. Long-term exercises of driving horses cause significant lipomobilization. This study enables an evaluation and comparison of physical preparation to effort and intensity of driving horses' training. In the case of driving horses' training, there is a need to accept lower lactic acid (LA) (< 4 mmol L −1 ) values in aerobic-anaerobic threshold interpretation.
The aim of the study was to assess the changes in the hematology and blood chemistry of jumping horses under the different workload trainings. Group A was trained with a rider and without additional exercises. Group B had an additional daily training session on the treadmill. Blood samples were taken at rest, before exercise and 24 hours after the jumping competition (at the beginning of the season, in the middle and at the end). Regardless of the type of training intensity level and workout load, the post-exercise studies showed an increase in RBC, HGB and HCT. In Group B, there was increase (P<0.05) of resting parameters RBC and HGB between the start of the season and in the middle. During the study there was an increase in AST, LDH, CK in both groups after training. Horses from Group B, subjected to additional training at the end of the season, had lower activity in the resting parameters of AST, LDH and CK than horses from group A. In group B the resting value of LA was lower in the middle and at the end of the sports season, in comparison to group A. The research indicated the desirability of introducing additional stimulation of movement in horses between the relevant trainings involving a rider. Key words: show jumping horses; training methods; blood parameters; treadmill ________________________________________________________________________________________ introduction Show jumping is one of the most popular equestrian events. Preparing horses is carried out by inducing the physiological adaptations necessary to compete at a high level, with a minimal risk of injury, and ensuring appropriate behavioral and psychological
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