The terminating atomic plane of SrTiO3 (001) surface was investigated by means of coaxial impact-collision ion scattering spectroscopy (CAICISS). CAICISS spectra proved that SrTiO3 (001) surfaces of as-supplied substrates as well as of O2-annealed substrates were predominantly terminated with TiO2 atomic plane, while the SrO atomic plane came at the topmost surface of SrTiO3 (001) homoepitaxial film. This indicates the structural conversion of the topmost atomic layer from TiO2 to SrO occurred during the SrTiO3 homoepitaxial growth. The azimuth rotational CAICISS spectra exhibited a fourfold symmetry in the surface atom alignments, showing the square lattice structure of a terminating plane.

An exact perturbation expansion, to the order 1/S2, is derived for the Heisenberg ferromagnet. The equivalence of the Dyson-Maleev (DM), Holstein-Primakoff (HP) and matching-of-matrix-element (MME) transformations is proven. They give identical T5I2 and T4 coefficients. For the planar ferromagnet, an exact expansion in anisotropy against exchange field proves the equivalence of the H P and MME transformations. Several explicit results and numerical estimates are given.

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Molecular layer epitaxy and the topmost surface structure in laser MBE of perovskite and other related oxides were investigated by in situ RHEED, in situ angle-resolved XPS (ARXPS) and ex situ co-axial ISS (CAICISS) analyses. Two-dimensional epitaxial growths of SrTiO3 (001) and BaCuO2(001) on SrTiO3(001) substrate were achieved by optimizing the growth conditions. Periodicities of RHEED oscillation corresponded well to the growth of a repeating unit cell (molecular layer). ARXPS and CAICISS spectra revealed that (Sr-0) atomic plane came at the top of SrTiO3(001) film growing on SrTiO3 (001) substrate with (Ti-O) atomic plane on the top. This indicates the structural conversion of the topmost atomic layer from TiO2 to SrO occurred during the SrTiO3 homoepitaxial growth.