In an earlier paper, we reported our scoring system for the diagnosis of adenomyosis by gray scale transvaginal sonography. In this study we evaluated 44 benign uterine masses (adenomyosis and myomas) and seven uterine malignancies. We used transvaginal color and pulsed Doppler imaging to determine whether this technique is useful to differentiate adenomyosis from uterine malignancies. The peak systolic velocity and the resistive index of I n an earlier paper, we reported our scoring system for the diagnosis of adenomyosis by gray scale transvaginal sonography. This method had a sensitivity of 87%, a specificity of 96%, and an accuracy of 91 %. 1 However, uterine malignancies occasionally are diagnosed as adenomyosis by this method. intratumoral vessels were studied. The differences in these parameters for adenomyosis and uterine malignancies were statistically significant. Our results suggest that this technique is useful to differentiate adenomyosis from uterine malignancies. KEY WORDS: Adenomyosis; Uterus, malignancies; Resistive index; Transvaginal sonography; Color Doppler sonography.Therefore, the objective of this study was to differentiate adenomyosis from uterine malignancies using pulsed and color Doppler imaging. As the previous study supports the view that neovascularization in malignant lesions consists of multiple abnormal feeding arteries,2 in this study we examined the resistive index and the peak systolic velocity of intratumoral vessels in 51 cases of adenomyosis, myomas, and uterine malignancies to assess the possibility of improving our scoring system for the diagnosis of adenomyosis by this method. PATIENTS AND METHODSFifty-one patients who were scheduled for hysterectomy were examined. Their pathologic condition included 44 benign uterine masses (22 adenomyosis and 22 myomas) and seven uterine malignancies (three uterine endometrial cancers, one uterine cervical cancer, and three sarcomas). Ages ranged from 37 to 69 years old. All patients were without major medical conditions and examinations were done in the
The development of a plastic root system is essential for stable crop production under variable environments. Rice plants have two types of lateral roots (LRs): S-type (short and thin) and L-type (long, thick, and capable of further branching). LR types are determined at the primordium stage, with a larger primordium size in L-types than S-types. Despite the importance of LR types for rice adaptability to variable water conditions, molecular mechanisms underlying the primordium size control of LRs are unknown. Here, we show that two WUSCHEL-related homeobox (WOX) genes have opposing roles in controlling LR primordium (LRP) size in rice. Root tip excision on seminal roots induced L-type LR formation with wider primordia formed from an early developmental stage. QHB/OsWOX5 was isolated as a causative gene of a mutant that is defective in S-type LR formation but produces more L-type LRs than wild-type (WT) plants following root tip excision. A transcriptome analysis revealed that OsWOX10 is highly up-regulated in L-type LRPs. OsWOX10 overexpression in LRPs increased the LR diameter in an expression-dependent manner. Conversely, the mutation in OsWOX10 decreased the L-type LR diameter under mild drought conditions. The qhb mutants had higher OsWOX10 expression than WT after root tip excision. A yeast one-hybrid assay revealed that the transcriptional repressive activity of QHB was lost in qhb mutants. An electrophoresis mobility shift assay revealed that OsWOX10 is a potential target of QHB. These data suggest that QHB represses LR diameter increase, repressing OsWOX10. Our findings could help improve root system plasticity under variable environments.
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