Background. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is considered to be gold standard for symptomatic gall stones. As a routine every specimen is sent for histopathological examination postoperatively. Incidentally finding gall bladder cancers in those specimens is around 0.5–1.1%. The aim of this study is to identify those preoperative and intraoperative factors in patients with incidental gall bladder cancer to reduce unnecessary work load on pathologist and cost of investigation particularly in a developing world. Methods. Retrospective records were analyzed from January 2005 to February 2015 in a surgical unit. Demographic data, preoperative imaging, peroperative findings, macroscopic appearance, and histopathological findings were noted. Gall bladder wall was considered to be thickened if ≥3 mm on preoperative imaging or surgeons comment (on operative findings) and histopathology report. AJCC TNM system was used to stage gall bladder cancer. Results. 973 patients underwent cholecystectomy for symptomatic gallstone disease. Gallbladder carcinoma was incidentally found in 11 cases. Macroscopic abnormalities of the gallbladder were found in all those 11 patients. In patients with a macroscopically normal gallbladder, there were no cases of gallbladder carcinoma. Conclusion. Preoperative and operative findings play a pivotal role in determining incidental chances of gall bladder malignancy.

Wired network nodes have direct connectionwith the power source. But wireless sensor nodes depend on the on-board battery for power. Two different things can be done to increase the operational lifetime of the WS N. First one is efficient energy utilization. S econd one is attachment of power generating devices. This paper proceeds with efficient energy utilization by proposing a new multipath routing protocol called tS EL(S ecure Energy Efficient Load Balancing Multipath Routing Protocol with Transmission Power Adjustment). Single path routing protocols may lead to holes in the network due to improper load distribution among the nodes. Multi path routing protocols will lead to better load balancing than single path routing protocols. tS EL protocol selects node disjoint multiple paths and shares load among the paths effectively by following a new load sharing mechanism. tS EL provides security through RS A public key algorithm and MD5 hash algorithm.

Background. There has been argument between clinical practitioners about clamping catheter or not prior to its removal after transurethral resection of prostate (TURP). We conducted a clinical trial to assess whether clamping has any role in early bladder tone recovery particularly in patients who undergo TURP. Methods. Randomized clinical trial was conducted at a tertiary care hospital, Karachi from January 2014 to July 2015. Eighty-six study participants who underwent TURP were randomly allocated into two groups of 43 participants each. In Group I, patient's Foley catheter was not clamped prior to its removal and in Group II Foley catheter was clamped. Data of all subjects were analyzed using SPSS version 20. Results. There was no significant difference in age and weight of resected tissues between two groups. Among 4 patients in Group I who required recatheterization, 1 patient was discharged with catheter as compared to Group II in which 2 patients were discharged with catheter (P = 0.99). Only 1 patient (2.3%) in Group II had bleeding which required recatheterization. Length of stay was significantly affected by early and free removal of Foley catheter (P < 0.001). Conclusion. The results of current study identified that clamping whether done or not had no significant impact on urinary retention.

In 6G edge communication networks, the machine learning models play a major role in enabling intelligent decision-making in case of optimal resource allocation in case of the healthcare system. However, it causes a bottleneck, in the form of sophisticated memory calculations, between the hidden layers and the cost of communication between the edge devices/edge nodes and the cloud centres, while transmitting the data from the healthcare management system to the cloud centre via edge nodes. In order to reduce these hurdles, it is important to share workloads to further eliminate the problems related to complicated memory calculations and transmission costs. The effort aims mainly to reduce storage costs and cloud computing associated with neural networks as the complexity of the computations increases with increasing numbers of hidden layers. This study modifies federated teaching to function with distributed assignment resource settings as a distributed deep learning model. It improves the capacity to learn from the data and assigns an ideal workload depending on the limited available resources, slow network connection, and more edge devices. Current network status can be sent to the cloud centre by the edge devices and edge nodes autonomously using cybertwin, meaning that local data are often updated to calculate global data. The simulation shows how effective resource management and allocation is better than standard approaches. It is seen from the results that the proposed method achieves higher resource utilization and success rate than existing methods. Index Terms are fuzzy, healthcare, bioinformatics, 6G wireless communication, cybertwin, machine learning, neural network, and edge.

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The most popular and best modulation method used among Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) technique is Space Vector Modulation (SVM) method. SVM generates low Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) and it is well suitable for motor control. Harmonics is one of the major power quality issues occurring in most of the application. SVM holds the major advantage that only one switch is turned on at a time. The proposed model shows the effect of eliminating the lower order harmonics in SVM. MATLAB/Simulink is used develop the model.

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