Background: Mycobacterium tuberculosis causes tuberculosis (TB), an infectious lung disease. There is mounting evidence linking low lipid levels to a variety of human diseases, including TB. Cholesterol, mainly due to its involvement in heart disease, gets more attention in recent years. The objectives of the study were to look into the link that connects hypolipidemia to the existence of pulmonary/extrapulmonary TB; we have tried to find the link in relation to patients who have been recently diagnosed with TB as well as in those who are having TB in the long term. Materials and methods: An observational study was performed on TB patients attending respiratory medicine at the Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, from February 2021 to January 2022, and their lipid levels were tested from patients with consent and correlated. Student's t-test was applied to the obtained data. To convey quantitative data, measurements such as mean along with standard deviation were applied, and a p-value of 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: This research included 80 subjects, 40 of whom were diagnosed with TB, and the rest (40 controls) were deemed healthy. The age group with the highest low lipid levels in pulmonary TB was 40-50 years. A chi-square test of association was conducted; this test revealed that the fraction of TB patients having lower than normal levels of total cholesterol (p = 0.0001), triglyceride level (p = 0.006), high-density lipoprotein (p = 0.009), low-density lipoprotein (p = 0.006), and body mass index (p = 0.000) was statistically significantly higher in contrast to the control group. Thus, there was a significant correlation between a higher prevalence of hypolipidemia in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and normal healthy individuals. Conclusions: We observed a strong relationship between hypolipidemia and TB, indicating that patients with low lipid levels tend to have severe inflammation as compared to patients with normal lipid levels.
ABSTRACT:Here we report three case of Lung Carcinoma in young adult males, non-smokers, no family history of malignancy and no other risk factors like occupational or environmental exposure, past history of tuberculosis or chronic obstructive bronchitis, who presented with variable chest radiographic and computerized tomographic findings, these cases warrants further analysis regarding the changing trend of higher incidents of lung carcinoma in young adult males. KEYWORDS: Adeno Carcinoma, PET Scan, Ewing's Sarcoma INTRODUCTION:Lung Cancer is a leading cause of cancer deaths in developed countries and is also raising at alarming rates in developing countries. This is the single most devastating cause of cancer related deaths with approximately 1.5 million cases worldwide. Lung cancer is responsible for about 1 million deaths per year at present and it will rise to three million per year by the year of 2010. Young patients are very likely to be symptomatic present with advance disease. There is changing trend of higher incidence of Lung carcinoma in young patients. In addition to smoking, occupational exposure to carcinogens, indoor air pollution, dietary factors and family history of cancer have recently being implicated in causation of Lung cancer. We report three cases of lung carcinoma in young adult males in absence of any known etiological risk factors.
Introduction: By a variety of pathogenic pathways, kidney diseases can have a direct negative impact on the lungs and worsen the prognosis for those with chronic renal disease. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a public health concern throughout the world. The relationship between the kidneys and lungs is crucial for maintaining acid-base balance, fluid homeostasis, and blood pressure control. These patients have a higher prevalence of lung dysfunction regardless of the disease's stage, including sleep apnea syndrome, pulmonary hypertension, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The chance of getting a pulmonary consequence increases with the severity of kidney disease. In individuals with chronic renal disease, this study looked at the prevalence of several respiratory disorders. Materials and methods: From February 2021 to October 2021, 70 CKD patients who were receiving care at the Saveetha Medical College and Hospital were taken into consideration for the study. Clinical assessment and pertinent tests, such as a pulmonary function test, chest radiography, CT chest, sputum analysis, and pleural fluid analysis were performed. To evaluate left ventricular function, echocardiography was performed. Selected patients underwent polysomnography. Results: The study's population had a mean age of 50 years. There was a 20:50 sex ratio (M:F). Seventy percent of them had respiratory conditions, the most frequent of which was pleural effusion (70%), followed by pulmonary edema (52%). The pleural effusion was primarily transudative and right sided. Both tuberculous pleural effusion and pulmonary tuberculosis were detected in 2% of the population. Seven percent of them developed pneumonia. 10% of patients had thickening of the pleura. Using chest CT and x-ray, 3% of patients had pulmonary calcification visible. In 12 (60%) out of the 20 patients who were studied, sleep apnea was observed. Two patients with tuberculosis and pneumonia lacked the typical signs. Conclusions: In our research study, CKD patients have a much higher preponderance of respiratory illnesses, which has negative effects on patient care.
ABSTRACT:We report the case of a 31 years old male suffering with severe breathlessness due to Pigeon fancier's Lung. [1,2] He had previously raced and bred Pigeons for 25 years at home.
Tumor subclasses with clinical implications are identified by breast cancer gene expression patterns. In this study, ROBERT TIBSHIRANI et al. make a suggestion. Based on changes in gene expression, the tumours were divided into three groups: basal epithelial-like, ERBB2-overexpressing, and normal breast-like. Two separate gene sets, one representing a collection of 456 cDNA clones originally chosen to reflect intrinsic tumour features and the other being a gene set that was highly correlated with patient prognosis, were clustered to reveal that both groupings were quite robust. The basal-like subtype had a dismal prognosis, and the two oestrogen receptor-positive groups had significantly different outcomes, according to survival studies on a sub cohort of patients. In this study, three fibroadenomas and 78 breast carcinomas were examined. This collection comprises of 40 tumours that have already been studied and characterised. A total of 85 tissue samples from 84 individuals were examined.
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