The dynamic changing nature of network topology makes any node in MANET to leave and join the network at any point of time. There are many routing protocols that establish the routes between the nodes in the network. The control towards the management of the nodes in the MANET is distributed. This feature does not give assurance towards the security aspects of the network. There are many routing attacks caused due to lack of security. The routing attack addressed in this paper is the black hole attack. The Black hole attack is that where a malicious node advertises itself as it is having the optimal route to the destination. Most of the Routing protocols do not address the issues of the routing attack. This paper describes a solution strategy which will overcome the black hole attacks in MANETs. The proposed solution is that the nodes authenticate each other by issuing security certificate in digital form to all the other nodes in the network. The proposed method is to be adapted on DSR protocol .This method is capable of detecting and removing black hole nodes in the MANET.
KeywordsBlack hole attack, DSR, Security certificate.
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) started gaining attention due to its wide application in the fields of data collection and information processing. The recent advancements in multimedia sensors demand the Quality of Service (QoS) be maintained up to certain standards. The restrictions and requirements in QoS management completely depend upon the nature of target application. Some of the major QoS parameters in WSN are energy efficiency, network lifetime, delay and throughput. In this scenario, clustering and routing are considered as the most effective techniques to meet the demands of QoS. Since they are treated as NP (Non-deterministic Polynomial-time) hard problem, Swarm Intelligence (SI) techniques can be implemented. The current research work introduces a new QoS aware Clustering and Routing-based technique using Swarm Intelligence (QoSCRSI) algorithm. The proposed QoSCRSI technique performs two-level clustering and proficient routing. Initially, the fuzzy is hybridized with Glowworm Swarm Optimization (GSO)based clustering (HFGSOC) technique for optimal selection of Cluster Heads (CHs). Here, Quantum Salp Swarm optimization Algorithm (QSSA)-based routing technique (QSSAR) is utilized to select the possible routes in the network. In order to evaluate the performance of the proposed QoSCRSI technique, the authors conducted extensive simulation analysis with varying node counts. The experimental outcomes, obtained from the proposed QoSCRSI technique, apparently proved that the technique is better compared to other state-of-the-art techniques in terms of energy efficiency, network lifetime, overhead, throughput, and delay.
Mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) are wireless infrastructure-less network consisting collection of autonomous nodes that communicate with each other in decentralized manner. Security remains major challenge due to its some unique characteristics like open medium, mobility and hence topology changes. Therefore, routing protocol for MANETs is much vulnerable to attacks. Black Hole is a type of attack, where malicious node falsely advertises itself having the shortest or optimal path to the destination node. This attack is more dangerous while a group of nodes are cooperating with each other. The objective of this paper is to design cluster based routing protocol and prevent it from the black hole attack. The simulation results show improvement in packet delivery ratio and control overhead.
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