Computed tomographic images were generated using collimated microwaves of frequency 10.5 GHz instead of x rays. In the authors' laboratory version of a rotate-translate scanner, the beam is fixed and a phantom is moved between source and detector, the apparatus being suspended in a tank of fluid to provide impedance matching between phantom, source, and receiver. Phantoms consisting of test tubes of water, cylinders of wood, and animal tissues show spatial resolutions of about 2 cm. It is planned to apply the technique first to mammographic examination, which can best utilize the large difference in microwave absorption between fatty and nonfatty tissues.
Transmigration of the mandibular canine is very uncommon, the etiology of which isn't clear. A cuspid is classified as "transmigrated" when it cross the mid-line. We present five instances of transmigrated mandibular canines together with an audit of the writing etiology, clinical highlights, treatment alternatives, case reports and conclusion at the end.
Laparoscopic donor nephrectomy is a routine practice but still requires an intense level of attention to prevent complications. We report a rare case of gross hematuria in postoperative period after an uneventful laparoscopic donor nephrectomy.
Background:The study was undertaken to determine whether a single slice magnetic resonance (MR) myelogram sequence improves the interpretation and diagnostic yield for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the spine.Methods:A total of 100 cases with positive findings were retrospectively reviewed. All patients had initial imaging with sagittal T1-weighted (T1-W) and T2-weighted (T2-W) scans, followed by axial T2-W images. Subsequently, a heavily T2-W single slice MR myelogram sequence was acquired in coronal and sagittal planes. The MR myelogram images were evaluated initially by a radiologist, and, further independently reviewed, by a neurologist, neurosurgeon, and spine surgeon. The utility of the MR myelogram in establishing the diagnosis was graded on a 4-point scale.Results:Out of 100 cases, 53% showed degenerative spine or disc disease, 14% space occupying lesions, 13%, congenital lesions, 7% infection, and 7% other conditions. The MR myelogram contributed additional information in 50-74% cases. The intraclass correlation coefficient showed overall good agreement between observers in grading the utility of MR myelogram.Conclusion:Single slice MR myelography is noninvasive avoiding the complications associated with lumbar punctures/intrathecal contrast injections, while image acquisition takes only an added 6-8 s. Although MR myelogram has no value as a stand-alone sequence, its inherent advantage is that it completes the overview of the spinal pathology in entirety, and adds vital three-dimensional information in 50-74% of cases.
Introduction: Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) for ureteral stones predominantly assess the pain. Despite the lack of evidence, multiple trials studying the efficacy of medical expulsive therapy (MET) have used PROs to define spontaneous stone passage (SSP). We aim to objectively evaluate the accuracy of PROs to predict successful SSP and the probability of patient’s symptom resolution after stone passage. Methods: A single-center, prospective observational study recruiting adults with isolated, uncomplicated, ≤ 10 mm ureteral calculus was conducted. All patients received four weeks of MET, and SSP was confirmed by low-dose non-contrast-enhanced computed tomography (NCCT). The accuracy of PROs: “pain cessation,” “decreased pain,” “stone seen,” and “stone capture” to predict successful SSP was evaluated at one month. The patient’s symptom resolution rate was assessed at one and four-month follow-ups. Results: A total of 171 patients were included, and the overall SSP rate was 66.4% (n = 99). Patient-reported pain cessation, stone visualization, and stone capture were associated with successful SSP, but their accuracy was 59%, 53%, and 43%, respectively. Moreover, 25% of patients reporting complete pain cessation still harbored ureteral calculus. Pain resolved in 91% of patients after SSP at a four-month follow-up. While hematuria and nausea resolved in all patients, lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) were not resolved in 17% of patients. Conclusions: We concluded that patient-reported pain cessation, stone visualization, and stone capture predict successful SSP, but confirmatory imaging is required due to the poor accuracy of these measures. The significant rates of non-pain-related symptoms indicate their significant contribution to patient morbidity.
Medial canal fibrosis is an interesting type of acquired meatal atresia that is characterized by formation of a solid core of fibrous tissue in the medial part of the external auditory meatus abutting the tympanic membrane. A review of the literature showed that many different terms have been used interchangeably to report the same or similar condition. This is a case of medial canal fibrosis being reported to emphasize the importance in diagnosing this rare but easily treatable disease. A 16 yrs old female presented with bilateral conductive hearing loss & history of recurrent rhinitis & sinusitis. CT Temporal bone showed soft tissue density lesions in bilateral bony EAC (External auditory canal) with no bony erosion & normal middle ear. A diagnosis of Medial canal fibrosis was given. The patient was operated & biopsy of the specimen came out to be inflammatory granulation tissue.
Keywords: External auditory canal (EAC), Granulation tissue, Post inflammatory medial canal fibrosis.
Case DetailsA 16 year-old girl presented with hearing loss since 2yrs and long-standing previous history of rhinitis. She had no history of ear surgery.Our otologic examination revealed that the both ear canal were short and terminated with a skin-covered barrier. Audiology examination revealed conductive hearing loss. Computed tomographic (CT) (Bright speed velocity CT scanner; GE Medical ____________________________________ Corrospondence to:
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