Residual stress measurements have been carried out on 8 and 12 mm thickness carbon steel single V weld joints by X -ray diffraction and ultrasonic techniques. The maximum tensile and maximum compressive stresses on the surface of the 12 mm carbon steel weld joint are higher than those on the surface of the 8 mm carbon steel weld joint. The results also indicate that the variation in the surface residual stress across the weld is different from that for the through thickness residual stresses. The effect of constraint, which depends on the thickness of the weld joint, is found to influence the surface and through thickness residual stresses. The effect of stress relief annealing heat treatment on residual stresses was also studied.
Determination of lattice misfit and microstructural parameters of the coherent precipitates in Ni based alloy Inconel-625 is a challenging problem as their peaks are completely overlapping among themselves and also with the matrix. We have used a novel X-ray diffraction technique on the bulk samples of Inconel 625 at different heattreated conditions to determine the lattice parameters, the lattice misfit of the coherent precipitates with the matrix and their microstructural parameters like size and strain.
The X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique has been used to measure the residual stresses before and after post-weld heat treatment in autogenous butt weld joints in 2·25Cr–1 Mo steel tubes. The tubes are used in the steam generator assemblies of fast breeder reactors. Measurement data show that the stress in the weld centre is ∼150 MPa maximum. The stress distribution around the weld centre is asymmetrical with larger amounts of compressive stress on the side of the tube sheet block. The stress becomes compressive beyond ∼5 mm from the weld centre reaching values of ∼200 MPa and more. Post-weld heat treatment (PWHT) at 923 K for 30 min removes most of the residual stresses and PWHT at 988 K for 2·5 h removes all the residual stresses in the weld regions.
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