The radical decline in climatic conditions coerces the world to take steps progressive toward implementing green energy technologies in all facets. The electric vehicle is one such huge leap toward providing a pollution‐free environment to the future generation, but the charging techniques in most cases utilize the power that is obtained using thermal power stations, and so on. This concludes it to be not completely green energy, therefore in this paper, considered two far‐reaching sources viz. photovoltaic and wind energy storage systems. The sources are also supported with the presence of an additional storage unit of battery energy storage system (BESS) and the overall system is managed by energy management system (EMS) that is designed using a simple state flow algorithm instead of complex machine learning methods. The electric vehicle (EV) is charged using wireless power transfer technology. The model is built using MATLAB—Simulink software and the simulation results are validated against the physical calculation carried out over the equivalent circuit model reduction method. The values were taken from the TATA Nexon EV for consideration and the output values are 400 V and 15 A to be provided for the charging of the EV at the receiving end of the wireless charging.
Microgrids suffer from issues namely protection blinding, sympathetic tripping. Microgrids operate in which differs from the conventional power system. Micro-grids operate in grid-connected mode or islanded mode of operation. In islanded mode microgrids utilize distributed energy resources that are renewable such as solar, wind, along with energy storage systems. In both, the modes of the system undergo various challenges such as protection blinding, sympathetic tripping, or short circuit current in power electronic interfaced generation. This work focuses on the analysis of fault in both modes of operation as well as the issues that are specific to a microgrid. Hence adaptive settings of the relay are required to switch over under the different modes of operation. This work utilizes an adaptive central controller for MG protection. Hence the sensed data from the system is fed to the controller and managing the relay operation which is the IDMT relay. This work focuses on the relay setting and plug set for the relays under modes of operation. The detailed analysis is carried out in IEEE 13 bus system and adaptive relay setting calculation for adaptive centralized MG protection is carried out.
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