Psg°i s the vapor pressure of pure mercury at the temperature, T, under study. Png is the mercury vapor pressure at the temperature, T, under study. The variations of the activity coefficient with the temperature are within the range of the precision of the measurements: ~1_2%)X "Hg / The values of 7Hg are indicated in Table II. For the solid liquid phase, we used the liquidus curve given by Ito et al. ( 5). The activity coefficient of mercury in the presence of indium can be considered as independent of the temperature in the range of temperature studied. On the other hand, the dependence as regards the concentration of indium is important and the mercury-indium amalgams deviate negatively from ideality.

In this article, the structural, microstructural, and ferroelectric characteristics of polyvinylidene fluoride‐hexafluoropropylene (PVDF‐HFP) thin films in Ag/Cu/PVDF‐HFP/Cu capacitor structures have been investigated. The bottom interfaces glass or Cu/glass influence upon the PVDF‐HFP thin‐film crystal structure and microstructure have been evaluated using grazing incidence X‐ray diffractometer and atomic force microscopy. Quasi‐static current–voltage loops, the polarization versus electric field loops measured at varied applied frequencies (100 mHz–1 Hz) and electric field amplitudes (2.5–27.5 MV/m) are utilized to comprehend the ferroelectric characteristics of PVDF‐HFP thin films. Furthermore, the observed linear dependency between coercive field and frequency is linked to the homogenous domain growth model proposed by Kolmogorov‐Avrami‐Ishibashi.

Experimental vapor-liquid equilibrium data were obtained for the binary systems 2-methoxyethanol-ethylbenzene, 2-methoxyethanol-p-xylene, and 2-ethoxyethanol-pxylene at 760 mmHg. The activity coefficients were calculated taking into account the nonideality of the vapor phase. The data satisfied the thermodynamic consistency tests of Herington, Norrish-Twigg, and Black. The correlations of van Laar, Redlich-Kister, Wilson, NRTL, and Wiehe-Bagley, with the constants evaluated by the method of nonlinear least squares, represented the data well.

The mixed crystals of neodymium praseodymium oxaiate are grown by the diffusion of a mixture of aqueous solutions of neodymium nitrate and praseodymium nitrate (as an upper reactant) into the set gel embedded with oxalic acid. By varying the concentration (by volume) of rare earth nitrates in the upper reactant, the incorporation of Nd and Pr in the mixed crystals has been studied. Tabular crystals with the well defined hexagonal basal planes are observed in the mixed crystals of varying concentrations. X-ray diffraction patterns of these powdered samples reveal that these mixed crystals are 'isostructural', while IR and FTIR spectra establish the presence of oxalate groups. TGA and DSC analyses show the correctness of the chemical formula for the mixed crystals, by the release of water molecules (endothermic) and of CO and CO2 (exothermic), with the rare earth oxides as the stable residue. X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and energy dispersive X-ray analyses (EDAX) establish the presence of heavy rare earth elements qualitatively and to a good extent quantitatively. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic (XPS) studies confirm the presence of rare earth elements (Nd and Pr) as their respective oxides. The findings of these techniques of characterization are in excellent agreement with the proposed empirical structure for the mixed rare earth oxalates. The implications are discussed.

No abstract