Tumor size and fibrosis are important factors related to complications during colorectal ESD. Younger age and development of abdominal pain can predict the hospital course in patients with perforation after ESD.

A Korean multicenter study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of transurethral alprostadil with MUSE in 334 subjects with chronic erectile dysfunction (ED) who were enrolled in 21 clinical centers. Patients with psychogenic impotence comprised about 30% of subjects. Intraurethral alprostadil was titrated in a stepwise fashion in the clinics from 250 to 500 or 1000 mcg based on erectile response and tolerability. The erectile responses were evaluated using an erection assessment scale (score of 1±5). The dose that produced a maximal penile response of score 5 (full rigid erection) or 4 (full tumescence, partial rigidity) was selected for home treatment. Patients who showed partial erection (score of 3) with 1000 mcg were also included in the home-treatment group.In-clinic phase: 198 men (59.3%) had maximal penile responses of score 4 or 5. The rate of maximal responses was not related to patient age, etiology or duration of the ED. A total of 228 (68.3%) men progressed to home treatment. The overall level of comfort of the transurethral alprostadil was rated as uncomfortable or very uncomfortable in 12%. Home phase: During the two-month period of home treatment, 178 (78.1%) men had successful sexual intercourse at least once, and 78.2% of administrations (1976) resulted in successful intercourse. The main causes of drop-out were insuf®cient erectile response in 27 men (11.8%), adverse reactions (mostly penile or urethral pain) in 7 (3.1%) or both in 7 (3.1%).In conclusion, transurethral alprostadil could be a suitable treatment option for patients with ED regardless of age and etiology of ED. Ef®cacy in an Asian population (Korea) is comparable to that reported previously in Caucasians.