In wireless implantable systems (WIS) low power consumption and linearity are the most prominent performance metrics in data acquisition systems. successive approximation register-analog to digital converter (SAR-ADC) is used for data processing in WIS. In this research work, a 10-bit low power high linear SAR-ADC has been designed for WIS. The proposed SAR-ADC architecture is designed using the sample and hold (S/H) circuit consisting of a bootstrap circuit with a dummy switch. This SAR-ADC has a dynamic latch comparator, a split capacitance digital to analog converter (SC-DAC) with mismatch calibration, and a SAR using D-flipflop. This architecture is designed in 45 nm CMOS technology. This ADC reduces non-linearity errors and improve the output voltage swing due to the usage of a clock booster and dummy switch in the sample and hold. The calculated outcomes of the proposed SAR ADC display that with on-chip calibration an ENOB of 9.38 (bits), spurious free distortion ratio (SFDR) of 58.621 dB, and ± 0.2 LSB DNL and ± 0.4LSB INL after calibration.
Security in Wireless Sensor Networks has become one of the most relevant research topics. Designing a secure routing protocol in a wireless sensor network is a challenging task because of the limitations on memory, computational and communication capabilities, bandwidth and energy of the sensor nodes. Most of the routing protocols that were proposed were designed by keeping efficiency of energy in view but not security. Routing protocols in wireless sensor networks are susceptible to various types of attacks such as hello flood attack, Sybil attack, sink hole attack, worm hole attack, selective forwarding attack, eavesdropping, acknowledgment spoofing, routing table overflow and so on. In this paper we discuss different types of attacks on routing protocols in detail and also some of the defensive techniques proposed in literature to counter the attacks.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.