Replication of a subarctic Bunyavirus, California encephalitis (snowshoe hare subtype), was detected in salivary glands and thoraces of wild-caught Aedes communis mosquitoes from the Yokon Territory, after intrathoracic inoculation with 0.1 to 100 mouse LD50 virus, and incubation for 7 to 21 days throughout their viable temperature range of 0 to 23 degrees C. Immunoperoxidase staining confirmed that viral replication occurred in the cytoplasm of acinar cells of salivary glands, both by ligh microscopy and electron microscopy. Replication of another subarctic Bunyavirus, Northway, and a subtropical Flavivirus, Murray Valley encephalitis, was also demonstrated by infectivity by infectivity titrations and immun operoxidase reactions in salivary glands of A. communis incubated at 0, 13, and 23 degrees C for 7 to 21 days.
After intrathoracic inoculation of laboratory-bred Aedes aegypti mosquitoes with 3 Yukon isolates of California encephalitis (CE) virus (showshoe hare subtype), Northway (NOR) and Murray Valley encephalitis (MVE) viruses, viral replication was observed following incubation at 13, 21, 35 and 39 degrees C, which constituted the full temperature range of viability of A. aegypti. Rates of viral replication were reduced at low temperatures and accelerated at high temperatures. Virus-specific immunoperoxidase staining of mosquito salivary glands occurred regularly after thoraces attained maximum infectivity levels. At 13 and 21 degrees C, mosquitoes were infected by 10 to 100 times less CE and MVE viruses than mice, but about 10 times more NOR virus was required to infect mosquitoes than mice.
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