Diabetes mellitus is regarded today as a metabolic disease, which is considered to be a modulator of endodontic infections, is responsible for altering the immune and inflammatory responses, impedes the healing process, and contributes to damage of organs and tissues of the body, including tooth pulp and periapical tissues.The aim of the work is to study the radiographic characteristics of the dental septum of the alveolar crest of the mandible, crown and root of the low molars of rats with experimental streptozotocin diabetes at different times of the post-extraction period (the 1 st , 7 th and 14 th day). Materials and methods.Studies were conducted on 120 male Wistar rats, 8-10 months old, divided into eight groups of 15 animals each. The experimental diabetes mellitus was modelled in 45 animals by a single administration of streptozotocin interperitoneally (SIGMA Chemical, the USA) at a dose of 50 mg/kg, diluted in 0.5 ml of 0.1 M citrate buffer (pH 4.5) ex tempore, on the 21 st day after its induction the level of fasting glucose was determined (by the glucose oxidise method using standard test strips Test Strip II, glucometer Glucocard, Japan), which was 24.7 ± 2.2 mM/l. The extraction of the first low molar of the right mandible was realised using thiopental anaesthesia (40 mg / kg dose) with additional local infiltration anaesthesia with Ubistesine (3M Deutschland GmbH, Germany).On the 1 st , 7 th , and 14 th day, dates that correspond to the experiment after the extraction of the tooth, the rats were decapitated using thiopental anaesthesia (dose 40 mg/kg).The visiography of the mandible was performed using a computerized 3D CBCT tomograph Panoura 18S Panoramic 3D. With the help of digital image analysis the radiographic density of tissues of the alveolar socket of the removed 1 st molar, crown of the 1 st , 2 nd and 3 rd molars, their root and dental septum of the alveolar crest were determined.The results. Radiological density of the interalveolar and interradicular septa between the 1 st -3 rd molar and the 1 st molar root, which is the most traumatized and loaded rats' tooth, is decreased in the rats with experimental diabetes mellitus. Tooth extraction in the rats with diabetes mellitus results in the increase (not in the decrease as it is observed in control group) of radiological density a day after in the alveolar socket and the adjacent 2 nd and 3 rd molars, that may be caused by significant infiltration related to the secondary alteration. The final stage of the local inflammatory reaction resorptive phase that corresponds to the 7 th day of post-extraction period is characterized by almost complete restoration of the alveolar socket radiological density in the control rats, whereas in the rats with diabetes mellitus radiological density of the studied sites decreases and this process continues on the 14 th day. Conclusions.In the work it was found out that the extraction of a tooth in rats with normal carbohydrate metabolism is accompanied by dynamic changes in radiological density not only in...
Запорізький державний медичний університет, Україна Роль конститутивних ізоформ NOS ендотеліальної та нейрональної в патогенезі формування ускладнень і порушення репаративних механізмів у пародонті після екстракції зуба на фоні цукрового діабету майже не визначена. Мета роботи-встановити особливості змін показників експресії ізоформ синтази монооксиду азоту нейрональної та ендотеліальної у тканинах пародонта щурів з експериментальним стрептозотоциновим діабетом у різні періоди (1, 7 і 14 доба) після екстракції першого нижнього моляра. Матеріали та методи. Імуногістохімічне дослідження показників експресії ендотеліальної та нейрональної NOS (вміст, концентрація та питома площа розподілу імунореактивного матеріалу) у тканинах пародонта виконали у 120 щурів-самців лінії Wistar віком 8-10 місяців, яких поділили на 8 груп по 15 тварин. Результати. У щурів з експериментальним цукровим діабетом (ЕЦД) без екстракції зуба в пародонті вміст і концентрація обох конститутивних ізоформ характеризувалися значно нижчими значеннями порівняно з показниками контролю. Екстракція зуба щурам з ЕЦД на 1 добу призвела до суттєвого підвищення всіх показників експресії обох ізоформ порівняно з показниками щурів з ЕЦД без екстракції зуба. На 7 добу вміст і питома площа nNOS зросли на 24,3 % та 14,2 % відповідно, а концентрація зменшилася на 58,3 %. Показники експресії еNOS вірогідно не відрізнялися від значень щурів на 1 добу після екстракційного періоду. 14 доба після екстракції зуба в щурів з ЕГД характеризувалися суттєвим зменшенням усіх досліджуваних показників експресії конститутивних NOS, навіть більше, концентрація й питома площа розподілу nNOS, а також вміст, концентрація та площа еNOS стали значно меншими, ніж у групі контролю. Висновки. У щурів з ЕЦД у тканинах пародонта знижені вміст і концентрація конститутивних ізоформ NOS. Екстракція зуба на тлі ЕЦД призвела до помірного збільшення показників вмісту та концентрації nNOS та еNOS від 1 до 7 доби. На 14 добу після екстракційного періоду визначили нижчі показники експресії обох ізоформ, ніж у групі контролю, що свідчить про низький вміст ендотеліальної та нейрональної ізоформ у пародонті щурів з ЕЦД та, ймовірно, відіграє важливу роль у патогенезі формування віддалених ускладнень після хірургічних втручань із порушенням процесів репарації.
Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is an inflammatory disease of the oral mucosa, which has a chronic course with periods of remission and exacerbations. RAS requires adequate diagnosis for the purposes of properly treating. The study on RAS remains relevant over many years and continues to be a priority in modern dentistry. The aim of the work is to analyze the information in the professional literature on pathogenetic variants of RAS and approaches to its treatment and prevention. Despite the variety of studies, the etiology and pathogenesis of the disease remain the subject of numerous discussions. This article provides a review of current research on the main etiopathogenetic mechanisms of the disease development and progression, specifies current recommendations for therapeutic approaches to treatment and prevention. Conclusions. To date, there is no definitive therapeutic tactic for recurrent aphthous stomatitis, so it is advisable to systematize and study methods for the prevention and treatment of this pathology, including pain relief, acceleration of ulcer healing and reduction of its episode frequency and severity. Considering the etiopathogenetic variant of the disease development (metabolic disorders, stress, allergies, etc.), preventive measures should be comprehensive and include oral hygiene, a sparing diet, multivitamin and micro-, macroelement complexes, etc.
CD 68 is conventionally used as a highly specific cytochemical marker for monocytes / macrophages immune staining during histochemical analysis of tissues with suspected inflammatory or timorous process. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the peculiarities of the status of an innate component of local immunity in the periodontium tissues by using CD68 expression indices in rats with modelled streptozotocin-induced diabetes on the 1st, 7th and 14th days after extraction of the first lower molar. Materials and methods. Research was conducted on 120 Wistar male rats aged 8-10 months, divided into 8 groups of 15 animals in each. There were four control groups "Control-0", for which no tooth extraction was performed on; “Control-1; -7 and -14" groups involved the rats, whose parameters were registered on the 1st, 7th and 14th day after the extraction; and four relevant groups with modelled diabetes mellitus (simulated by intraperitoneal introduction of streptozotocin (SIGMA Chemical, the USA) in a dose of 50 mg/kg), on the 21st day of diabetes, the average glycemic level in the groups was 22.65 ± 0.88 mM/L. The tooth extraction was performed under thiopental anaesthesia (in a dose 40 mg / kg) with additional local infiltration anaesthesia using "Ubisthesin" (3M Deutschland GmbH, Germany). In order to study CD68 expression indices, dewaxed and rehydrated periodontium cross sections were incubated with the monoclonal antibodies: primary rabbit IgG to CD68 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, the USA) using 1:200 dilution and secondary mouse IgG to the complete molecule of rabbit IgG conjugated with FITC (Santa Cruz Bioteology) using 1:200 dilution. Results. The tooth extraction in rats with normal values of carbohydrate metabolism leads to the development of inflammation, macrophage infiltration in periodontal soft tissues on the 7th day, and inflammation "fading" following the second week. Modelled diabetes mellitus contributes to the formation of a “hidden” inflammation with the extended macrophage infiltration in the periodontal soft tissues. Thus, in diabetes mellitus, the tooth extraction slightly increases the expression of CD 68, the process slowly progresses, but is characterized by prolongation in the long-term period.
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