Fixed offshore platforms supported by pile foundations have to resist lateral loads due to wave and current forces. The response to environmental loads is strongly affected by the soil-structure (pile) interaction. Forces exerted by waves are the predominant lateral environmental forces governing jacket structure design, especially the foundation piles. The purpose of the present investigation is to perform a static wave analysis of a typical fixed offshore platform in extreme environmental conditions and to study the effects of the combined lateral and vertical loads on pile group foundations. The three-dimensional modelling and analysis of the offshore platform are carried out using the finite difference method. The present analysis is done under static conditions considering the structural and environmental loads at extreme environmental conditions, reaching the state of static equilibrium. A parametric study is done by varying the seabed slope to examine the differences in the soil-structure interaction behaviour of piles. The lateral displacement at the pile top and at the seabed level increases with the seabed slope. Also the depth at which the maximum shear force and bending moment occur from the pile top increases with the seabed slope.
Fixed offshore platforms supported by pile foundations are required to resist lateral load due to wave and current forces. The response to environmental loads is strongly affected by the soil structure (pile) interaction. The forces exerted by waves are most dominant among the lateral environmental forces which governing the jacket structures design especially the foundation piles. The present investigation is to perform a static wave analysis on a typical fixed offshore platform for extreme environmental conditions, and to study the effects of the combined lateral and vertical loads on pile group foundation. The three dimensional modeling and analysis of the offshore platform are done using finite difference method. The present analysis was done under static condition considering the structural and the environmental loads at extreme environmental conditions, by reaching the state of static equilibrium. A parametric study has been done by varying the seabed slope to examine the variation in soilstructure interaction behaviour of piles. It has been found that the lateral displacement at the pile top and at the seabed level increases as the seabed slope increases. It is also noticed that the depth at which the maximum shear force and bending moment occurs from the pile top increases as the slope of the seabed increases.
A simple, efficient, economic and environmentally friendly method for the Ullmann condensation of substituted benzoic acids with amines furnishing anthranilic acid derivatives such as (III), (V) and (VII) (16 examples in all) is developed.
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