Purpose Determination of the diagnostic capabilities of metadevices for breast MR examination in women. Material and methods In the study, two types of metadevices for examining the mammary glands were considered – for imaging in a field with magnetic induction of 3 T and 1.5 T. 11 healthy women of reproductive age were examined, magnetic resonance images of T1 (turbo spin echo) and T1 3D gradient echo (GRE) were obtained based on the Dixon method with fat saturation. The images were evaluated by radiologists on a 5-point Likert scale. Results The images obtained using the metadevices were characterized by acceptable and comparable absolute and relative signal-to-noise ratios comparing them to images obtained using a standard coil at the same spatial resolution and with a decrease in input power by an average of 27 times for 3.0 T. At the same time, for 1.5 T, the input power was reduced by a factor of 15.6, and the signal-to-noise ratio was increased by a factor of 2. For image quality criteria in terms of presence/absence of artifacts, the average score for the metadevice was higher than the score for the specialized coil by 3 T. For 1.5 T, this parameter turned out to be the same, which was probably associated with a lower level of artifacts by 1.5 T than by 3 T in general. Discussion Analysis of the collected assessments of independent experts indicates that the diagnostic characteristics of magnetic resonance images of the mammary glands obtained using ceramic-based (for 3 T) and wire-based (for 1.5 T) metadevices are of a good and average level, and are comparable in terms of all criteria with standard approaches. Conclusions The assessment of the quality of the obtained images demonstrates the acceptable quality of imaging and reflects the possibility of their application in clinical practice, taking into account ongoing improvements and optimization of the entire set of pulse sequences for MRI of the mammary glands.
patients. Microfocus X-ray afforded an opportunity to examine interstitial and alveolar damage of the pulmonary tissue in more detail as good as to study lung pattern in response to resolution capability, which is higher than in standard reference roentgenography. Small cysts were detected in pulmonary tissue of 87% new-born children with bronchopulmonary dysplasia in comparison with 62% detected by reference roentgenography. The effective dose of microfocus X-ray is 0,015 mSv and the microfocus radiographs can be increased 25 times, but the image quality will remain the same. Microfocus roentgenologic semiotics of the neonatal thoracic disorders is predominantly identical to standardized roentgenography's semiotics, but the effective dose of microfocus X-ray is smaller and the apparatus itself is compact and mobile.
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) have been the leading cause of death worldwide for twenty years. According to the World Health Organization, more than 17 million people die from heart disease every year. To date, cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging is one of the most effective methods to assess the morphological state of the heart muscle. CMR techniques continue to improve and open up new opportunities for early diagnosis of heart diseases. Myocardial T1 mapping is one of these techniques. The present review presents the physical principles of the native T1 mapping, basic modifications of pulse sequences such as MOLLI, ShMOLLI, SASHA, and SAPPHIRE, differences between the sequences and the principles of their use. This technique makes it possible the non-invasive quantitative assessment of interstitial myocardial tissue, namely fibrosis, the extracellular volume fraction (ECV) with further mapping, which facilitates visual evaluation of heart pathology. Understanding the significance of the T1-mapping described in this review will help in the clinical interpretation of data obtained for differential diagnosis of heart diseases, as well as in further scientific research of structural changes in the myocardium. The aim of this study is to summarize the principles of using the T1-mapping technique based on comparison of various techniques of obtaining data from myocardial tissue for correct clinical and scientific interpretation.
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