Background: Two-wheeled vehicles are the major mode of transportation in India. Such vehicles are exposed to excessive vibration on the road when compared to four-wheeled vehicles. However, the research on the reduction of whole body vibration in the case of two-wheelers is not explored in detail. The present study predicts rider comfort in the case of an electric two-wheeler as per ISO 2631-1. Methods: An electric two-wheeler test rig is used in the study. The values of acceleration from the test rig in running conditions are obtained by using NI LabVIEW 2016. The drive cycle of the electric vehicle (EV) test rig is controlled by Sync sols’ EV lab software. Obtaining the root mean square (RMS) acceleration from running the test setup, it is compared with the ISO 2631 standard to obtain the rider comfort. Results: Loading area, traction motor, base mount, and suspension were found to be the strategic points of vibration. RMS acceleration of 0.2 g to 3.29 g obtained at these points are prone to cause discomfort for the rider. Vehicle speed, road profile, and duration of exposure were found to be important parameters affecting the rider’s comfort. About 19 % increase in the vibration amplitude is observed at the loading area when loads are removed. The loading area as corresponds to a rider’s seat in actual vehicle, it is important to reduce these vibrations to make the ride comfortable for the rider. Conclusions: A suitable damping technique design is very much essential in reducing these vibrations and improve the rider comfort, as many more non-deterministic vibrations are prone to cause dis-comfort in case of actual on road riding conditions.
Electric vehicles (EVs) are promising solutions to the problems faced by combustion engine-propelled automobiles. The futuristic transportation system would be majorly catered by battery EVs, hybrid EVs, and fuel cell EVs with a different combination of energy sources that could successfully meet the requirements of different categories of vehicle propulsion systems. However, to execute such vehicle systems with a high level of safety and comfort for the transportation of people and products, a few difficulties must be resolved. EVs of today face problems such as noise-vibration-harshness, energy storage difficulties, torque fluctuation/ripple in the power train, inadequate range, and some others. The present review paper comprehends major noise and vibration issues existing in EVs and attempts made by the researchers to find solutions to such problems. The major problem faced by the vehicle as well as by the passengers is vibration and discomfort. These vibrations if continued for a longer period might cause severe damages to the vehicle structure as well as to the passenger’s body. These issues must be thoroughly addressed by researchers to increase ride comfort, which is a crucial requirement of the hour as well.
The study investigates, in a field setting, the differences in the behavioural responses of subjects, between two sets of contrasting built environments, viz., 'low crowded' and 'high crowded settings, which were classified as such on the basis of the assumed effects of six spatial and architectural variables. The study revealed that four variables, viz., physical density, social density, partitioning and illumination, were significantly related to measures of perception of crowding. The results have been offered as four hypotheses which are to be tested across different activity environments in order to be generalised for their validity.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.