The transport phenomenon involving a thorough mixture of a base fluid and any two different types of nanoparticles (i.e. hybrid nanofluid) has attracted the attention of scientists to deliberate on the significance and performance of such fluid using two different types of thermo-physical models (i.e. type I and type II). This study examines the dynamics of hybrid nanofluids using type I and type II hybrid models with major emphasis on the difference. Also, this report unravels the significance of suction and dual stretching on the boundary layer flow of hybrid nanofluids. The governing equation that model the dynamics was modeled, non-dimenzionalized, parameterized, and solved numerically. It is concluded that both type I and type II models of viscosity should not be used for volume fraction ϕ1 + ϕ2 > 0.02 as both models are found to be the same, accurate but limited. The stretching ratio has dual effects on the velocity in both horizontal directions and temperature distribution decreases with stretching rate. Local skin friction coefficients and temperature distribution are decreasing properties of suction. In the case of various water-based conveying various nanoparticles (seven different hybrid nanofluids), optimal Nusselt number is ascertained at a larger value of stretching ratio and suction in the dynamics of water conveying (less dense nanoparticles) multiple wall CNT and silicon dioxide.

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The objective of this article is to present the dynamics of an Upper Convected Maxwell (UCM) fluid flow with heat and mass transfer over a melting surface. The influence of melting heat transfer, thermal and solutal stratification are properly accounted for by modifying the classical boundary conditions of temperature and concentration respectively. It is assumed that the ratio of inertia forces to viscous forces is high enough for boundary layer approximation to be valid. The corresponding influence of exponential space dependent internal heat source on viscosity and thermal conductivity of UCM is properly considered. The dynamic viscosity and thermal conductivity of UCM are temperature dependent. Classical temperature dependent viscosity and thermal conductivity models were modified to suit the case of both melting heat transfer and thermal stratification. The governing non-linear partial differential equations describing the problem are reduced to a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations using similarity transformations and completed the solution numerically using the Runge-Kutta method along with shooting technique. For accurate and correct analysis of the effect of variable viscosity on fluid flow in which (Tw or Tm)

The dynamics of blood conveying gold nanoparticles (GNPs) are helpful to the health workers while air conveying dust particles over rockets is helpful to space scientists during the testing phase. However, little is known on the significance of thermal diffusivity in these aforementioned cases. In this report, the partial differential equation suitable to unravel the implication of increasing partial slip and viscous dissipation on the dynamics of the mixture of (i) blood and nano size of GNPs (ii) air and dust particles on an object with an increasing diameter (uhspr) is investigated. The density, zero shear rate viscosity, heat capacity, and thermal conductivity treated in this study vary with volume fraction nanoparticles. In the second case, the interaction between the solid particles and air is incorporated into the momentum equation using the Stokes drag. Transformation and parametrization of the two‐dimensional nonlinear partial differential equations were obtained with the aid of suitable similarity variables. Thereafter, the numerical solutions of the corresponding boundary valued problems were obtained using the classical Runge–Kutta integration scheme together with shooting techniques and Matlab bvp5c package. Enhancement in the rate of viscous dissipation is a major factor suitable to increase the velocities of both fluids, boost temperature distribution across both fluids, and local skin friction coefficients. There exist a significant difference between the effect of partial slip on the dynamics of blood‐gold nanofluid and dusty fluid.

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The problem of fluid flow on air-jet weaving machine (i.e. mechanical engineering and chemical engineering) is deliberated upon in this report using the case of non-Newtonian Carreau fluid flow. In this report, the boundary layer flow of the fluid over an upper horizontal surface of a paraboloid of revolution is presented. The dimensional governing equations were non-dimensionalized, parameterized, solved numerically and discussed. Maximum horizontal velocity is ascertained at smaller values of thickness parameter, a larger value of buoyancy related parameter and the flow is characterized as shear-thickening. Local skin friction coefficient is an increasing and a decreasing property of Deborah number for Shear thinning and Shear-thickening cases of the flow respectively. The velocity of the flow parallel to the surface (uhspr) is a decreasing property of thickness parameter and increasing function of velocity index parameter.

The significance of Coriolis force on the flow of air across a surface in rotating frame of reference is of prime importance in Astrophysics, Stellar dynamics, oceanography, meteorology and dynamo theory by influencing the movement of fluid upon the surface of the Earth. Sequel to the importance of Newtonian fluids (i.e. air and water), it is worthwhile to investigate the influence of Coriolis force on such flow. This is necessary due to the fact that Coriolis force is the only explanation for how the air heated by the Sun reaches the Earth. The significance of rotational force on the flow of Newtonian fluids over an upper horizontal surface of a paraboloid of revolution is investigated. The flows are modeled by incorporating the Coriolis term into the body forces of Navier–Stokes equations to obtain appropriate equations for the fluids. The governing equations is nondimensionalized using appropriate Blasius similarity variables to reduce the nonlinear partial differential equations to nonlinear ordinary differential equations. The resulting system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations is solved using Runge–Kutta–Gills method with Shooting technique and the results is depicted graphically. With an increase in Coriolis force, the horizontal velocity, the vertical velocity and the shear stress near the wall decrease while the temperature distribution is an increasing property.

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