Introduction: Ultrasonography (USG) guided supraclavicular block is an excellent choice for upper limb surgeries. It not only allows smaller volumes of local anaesthetic usage but also provides optimal tourniquet coverage. Ropivacaine is structurally related to bupivacaine with reduced potential for toxicity and improved sensory and motor blocking profiles. Nalbuphine acquired a significant place in pain control but its efficacy as a local anaesthetic adjuvant is yet to be proved in peripheral nerve blockades. Aim: To evaluate the efficacy of adding nalbuphine to ropivacaine in supraclavicular brachial plexus blockade and to assess the quality of block for patients undergoing ambulatory forearm and hand surgeries. Materials and Methods: Seventy American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) grade 1 and 2 patients were randomised into two groups of 35 each. Group A (n=35): received 24 mL of 0.5% of ropivacaine + 1 mL of nalbuphine (10 mg) and Group B (n=35): received 24 mL of 0.5% of ropivacaine + 1 mL of normal saline. The parameters observed were duration of analgesia, onset of sensory and motor blockade, duration of motor blockade and haemodynamic changes during the procedure. Categorical variables were analysed using the Pearson’s Chi‑square test. Continuous variables were analysed using the independent sample t‑test and p<0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: The onset of sensory and motor blockades were faster in the nalbuphine group compared to the control group (p<0.001). The duration of sensory and motor blockades was similarly longer in nalbuphine group (p<0.001). Also, the mean duration of analgesia was significantly longer with nalbuphine group (p<0.001). Conclusion: Nalbuphine significantly prolonged the duration of analgesia and duration of block while accelerating the onset of blockade thereby improving the overall quality of blockade.
BACKGROUNDChondrosarcoma, a malignant bone tumour constitutes about 9% of primary bone malignancies. Common in locations like proximal femur, proximal humerus and pelvis, rarely it can occur in hand. Here, we present a case of chondrosarcoma of the second metacarpal bone, because of its rarity.
ABSTRACT:Dengue viral infections present a significant risk during pregnancy to both mother and fetus. A young woman at 13 weeks' gestation presented with fever and abdominal pain. Over the course of 5 days, she developed nausea, petechiae, severe thrombocytopenia, and acalculous cholecystitis. After a serologic diagnosis of acute infection with Dengue virus, she was provided supportive care. An uncomplicated pregnancy led to delivery of a healthy infant at 40 weeks gestation. Pregnancies complicated by dengue infection require close monitoring for potential maternal and fetal complications.
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